Reference:
Rusakov S.S..
The concept of subject and subjectivation in the philosophy of Spinoza: interpretation of G. Deleuze
// Philosophical Thought. – 2021. – ¹ 5.
– P. 62-71.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2021.5.34145.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2021.5.34145
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Abstract: This article explores the concept of subject in the works of Baruch Spinoza. The peculiarity of this research lies in the juxtaposition of the Cartesian concept of subject and the concept of subjectivation, which was developed in M. Foucault’s works of later period The goal is to disclose the specificity of the concept of subject in the works of Spinoza, formulate the key definitions used for revealing this topic, and to conduct a comparative analysis with the concept of subject of R. Descartes. The author examines such aspects of Spinozism as the interrelation between the higher subject and the mode of being, the concept of individuality and affects in interpretation of G. Deleuze, etc. The novelty of this research consists in providing a comprehensive analysis of some provisions of Spinoza's doctrine concerning the basic aspects of the concept of subject, as well as in determination of the crucial elements of the concept of subjectivation. The author concludes that Spinozism has shifted significantly from the Cartesian tradition. The first difference from Descartes lies in the ontological attitude of the Dutch philosopher, according to which a human can be viewed as a subject, not as a substance, but as a mode only. The second difference lies in introduction of the principle of dynamism, according to which the individual mode can have greater or lesser perfection, which could not comply with the permanence of Cartesian cogito.
Keywords: modern philosophy, metaphysics, etics, subjectivation, subject, Foucault Studies, Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Baruch Spinoza, history of philosophy
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