Градостроение
Reference:
Vilenskii M.Y., Kaledina A.A.
Urban planning approaches to the organization of a medical district
// Urban Studies.
2024. № 3.
P. 1-12.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2024.3.70767 EDN: UQOADI URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=70767
Abstract:
The article defines the direct connection between urbanization and the modern development of medicine as a complex of scientific directions for the development of high-tech medical care. The development of group forms of healthcare facilities as medical and urban complexes in world, Soviet and Russian urban planning practice and theory is presented. A modern trend in the development of innovative territorial formations of a medical organization within the boundaries of urbanized territories has been revealed. The concept of a medical area has been introduced. The object of the study is the medical district. The subject of the study is the spatial and territorial principles of the organization of the medical district. The lack of a spatial connection between medical facilities and the urban structure leads to a shortage of territorial growth and development of medical urban complexes, the unavailability of a comprehensive infrastructure for the development of medical science and practice. The research methodology is based on the definition of criteria for the selection of innovative territorial formations of the medical industry in the structure of urbanized territories. 60 medical districts were analyzed. The characteristic of the methodology for determining the planning options of the area, tested at 19 research sites, is presented. The main conclusions of the study are to determine the planning properties of the medical area. Based on the criteria and their characteristics, a systematization of medical districts has been compiled. A modern approach to the spatial organization of innovative territorial formations of the medical structure based on the collaboration of medical facilities and the integration of the medical district into the urban planning structure has been established. The approach of the urban planning organization of the formation of a medical district based on the territorial localization of medical facilities is revealed.
Keywords:
spatial organization, urban planning documentation, group form, urbanization, high-tech medical care, healthcare, medical district, urban structure, collaboration, integration
Architecture and Environment
Reference:
Adamova M.A., Bazilevich M.E.
To the problem of waste disposal in the food industry. The experience of the fishing collective farm "Voskhod"
// Urban Studies.
2024. № 3.
P. 13-27.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2024.3.70979 EDN: GSWAAA URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=70979
Abstract:
The article deals with the problem of waste disposal resulting from the activities of food industry enterprises located in remote areas of the far north. Using the example of the agricultural production cooperative Fishing collective farm "Voskhod", the possibility of minimizing pollution of the shipping environment and preserving the unique natural ecosystem of the Ayano-Maysky district of the Khabarovsk Territory is considered. The location of the main production facilities of the enterprise in the coastal zone in the southern part of the village of Ayan determines the features of the planning organization and operating conditions of the land plot built up in accordance with the technological chain with single-storey buildings and structures of various functional purposes, and also necessitates the search for optimal ways to solve the problem of collection and further disposal of industrial and household waste of the fishing collective farm. The limited navigation period and the lack of road communication with other areas of the Khabarovsk Territory necessitate the storage and processing of industrial waste from the fishing collective farm directly on its territory. The analysis of the planning and functional organization of the enterprise showed that the most optimal and economically cost–effective solution for waste disposal for the SEC of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Voskhod" is the method of their incineration, for which the authors of this publication propose the allocation of a site for the placement and commissioning of a high-temperature treatment plant for all types of waste in a chamber with an excessive supply of incinerator air. The use of this method will solve the problem of industrial waste disposal, and will also help reduce the negative impact on the health of employees and the environment.
Keywords:
Ryblovetsky collective farm, fishing, food industry, the incinerator, waste disposal, natural environment, ecology, Ayano-Maysky district, Khabarovsk Krai, Voskhod
Architecture and Environment
Reference:
Kazantsev P.A., Berezina A.A., Bolehivskaya A.Y., Burdina D.P., Van-Ho-Bin E.A., Marus Y.V.
The study of climate resilient urban environment formation background in the conditions of a mountain coast and monsoon climate: the case of Vladivostok.
// Urban Studies.
2024. № 3.
P. 28-52.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2024.3.71098 EDN: XFWKSC URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71098
Abstract:
The study of climate resilient urban environment formation background in the conditions of a mountain coast and monsoon climate: the case of Vladivostok. The urban environment of a coastal Far-Eastern city is considered as a set of natural and anthropogenic landscapes in their development and interaction in the conditions of climate change. The methodology for identifying climate risk zones in this study is based on assessing changes in the direction and the vector climate factors action intensity – wind and solar radiation – by low-mountainous terrain and urban development. The main climate risk zones in the considered Vladivostok city territory are: – the slopes of the eastern coast of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula exposed to the southeast monsoon, as well as peaks and watersheds throughout the peninsula (wind exposure combined with heavy precipitation); – river valleys oriented to the west and built-up thalwegs (flooding by storm precipitation and excessive insolation heating in hot, muggy weather); – valleys mouth, lowlands and alluvial territories of the peninsula western coast, port facilities and city bays embankments (flooding as a result of a gradual increase in the world sea level). The influence assessment of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula southern part forest cover dynamics and initial orographic structure on the climate risk zones formation is provided in the article. It is shown that intensive anthropogenic development of the peninsula hummocky terrain will generate new urban landscapes topography with radically different microclimate and its regulation possibilities by 2030. Areas of existing and planned high-density multi-storey buildings are identified as increased climate risk zones. In the biotope city concept development, an architectural and spatial model of the climate resilient urban environment as a single architectural and landscape system is proposed. The model components differ by the anthropogenic landscapes density degree and their layered structure features.
Keywords:
solar heating of the city, aeration of the city, storm water management, bioclimatic architecture, coastal flooding, ecological urbanism, sustainable city, climate adaptation of the city, climate resilient city, climate change
Architecture and Environment
Reference:
Smolianinova T.A.
Consulates of different countries in Harbin in the first third of the 20th century
// Urban Studies.
2024. № 3.
P. 53-67.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2024.3.71198 EDN: ZCGWCU URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71198
Abstract:
The subject of the article is the buildings of consular offices in Harbin (Northeast China). The object of the study is the consular offices and their urban planning in the city structure. The author examines and analyzes consular offices of different countries that opened their offices during the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century. In the course of the study, the position of the objects was analyzed and their characteristic features of location were revealed. The study is aimed at identifying the facilities where consulates of different countries were located and analyzing the criteria for choosing facilities for the placement of consulates in them. The boundaries of the study are determined by the period of the late XIX – mid XX century. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the collection and systematization of materials from field surveys (2023), the systematization of historical and archival materials. The article examines the history of the emergence and development of consular institutions in the city of Harbin. Attention is paid to the reasons for the appearance of these institutions and the principles of their placement in the city. Attention is drawn to how the location of the consular buildings depended on urban development and their importance. The architectural appearance of some notable consular sites is also briefly analyzed. The research is based on empirical methods, including observation and examination. Thanks to the cartographic analysis, it was possible to determine the location of consular offices in urban areas. In addition, a genetic approach was applied, which helped to identify the features and connections of consular institutions in a historical context. The main conclusions of the study are that consular offices were important objects for the formation of the compositional structure of the city. The architecture of the consular buildings reflected the stylistics of different countries, filled the cities with stylistic flavor, and increased the level of landscaping of the territories adjacent to these buildings. The study of the principles of the development of consular institutions in the context of the European architectural heritage of that period is of great interest, especially given the growing interest in identifying and preserving Russian cultural heritage. Consular institutions, in addition to their administrative and political role, had cultural and historical value. Therefore, the analysis of these institutions in terms of their importance for the development of relations between states, as well as their architectural features, allows not only to assess their political, but also their architectural value.
Keywords:
engineers, dominant, master plan, railway, territory, project, urban planning regulations, history, architecture, consulate