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Litera
Reference:

The trichotomy of the methodology of journalistic activity in the context of a gradual transition to the universalization of the psychological portrait of a journalist

Smekalina Kristina Sergeevna

ORCID: 0000-0002-4578-6727

Lecturer, Department of Journalism, Media Communications and Advertising, Moscow University named after Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov.

66A Zeleny Prospekt str., office 310, Moscow, 111396, Russia

kristinamiheeva1996@gmail.com

DOI:

10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40436

EDN:

SKCZSX

Received:

12-04-2023


Published:

28-04-2023


Abstract: The subject of the study is the relationship of temperament and communicative patterns with the primary experience gained during attending classes, completing assignments and passing practice. The object of the study is the personal characteristics of potential journalists in correlation with their professional experience and identified difficulties. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the likelihood that journalism students experience problems with interpersonal communication during their professional activities and collecting material, as well as how this correlates with their psychological type. A special opinion is given to the consideration of the ratio of representatives of various psychological types among journalism students of 1-4 undergraduate courses. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: adaptation in the training and work of a journalist depends on the type of his psychological predisposition; according to the results of the conducted research, more than 60% of students of journalists experience difficulties in collecting information; distribution and emphasis on methods of collecting information regarding the commitment of a journalist to a particular activity is determined by the results of the conducted research. A special contribution of the author in the study of the topic is the consideration of the ratio of representatives of various psychological types among journalism students of 1-4 undergraduate courses. The novelty of the research lies in the establishment of the need to orient the methodology of journalistic activity on the psychological predisposition of a journalist to its implementation.


Keywords:

new media, communication, psychological types, personality types, journalism, collection of information, degitalization, genres of journalism, crisis of traditional genres, journalism students

This article is automatically translated.

IntroductionThe professional orientation of an applicant planning to enter the Faculty of Journalism, or a student already studying at such a faculty, is largely due to his personal qualities, in particular – temperament, emotional lability and willingness to interact with respondents, including in conditions of communicative discomfort.

 

At the same time, admission to the Faculty of Journalism and further work in the profession in modern conditions does not involve psychological testing, primary orientation in understanding one's emotional intelligence and other criteria for selecting applicants and students. This determines the relevance of this study, designed to formulate a scientific methodology for assessing the emotional intelligence of a future professional. There is a stereotype that students who have turned to journalism are mainly those who have no problems with communication, are liberated and free to communicate. Meanwhile, the practice of teaching at the Faculty of Journalism convincingly proves that many students come to the profession experiencing significant difficulties with communication, in the hope that it is studying at the faculty that will allow them to overcome communication barriers. Accordingly, there is a dissonance of the expected and real situation, leading to ineffective practice of teaching, completing assignments and subsequent work in the profession. Taking into account the recently increased requirements for the correlation between the curricula of higher education and the labor market, the undertaken research is of particular importance.

The purpose of this study is to consider the ratio of representatives of various psychological types among journalism students of 1-4 undergraduate courses. It is based on the classification of communicative types by G. Y. Aizenka [1], which divides people into extroverts and introverts. The very typology of this scientist is based on the initial dichotomy introduced by K. G.Jung [10]. Modified and reinterpreted, it acquires its own characteristic features. Thus, the definition of the concept of "introvert" includes an understanding of a person who is modest and shy, prone to pessimism. "He takes decision-making seriously, tends to plan and think about actions in advance, and not give in to sudden impulses. Loves order in everything, highly appreciates moral norms. He controls his feelings, it is difficult to get him out of himself" [9]. The contrarian concept is "extaert" – "a sociable person, aimed at developing contacts outside, a wide circle of acquaintances. He is good-natured, cheerful, carefree and optimistic. Impulsivity, short temper, and actions under the influence of the moment are typical for him. Has a tendency to aggressiveness and risk" [9]. Let's add that Jung did not refute the presence of a neural link. Currently, it is defined as "ambiversion". This concept was introduced by E. Conklin [2].

In this study, the following tasks were set:

1) to find out whether students-journalists experience problems with interpersonal communication in the course of professional activity and collecting material;

2) compare the data obtained with their distribution by personality types;

3) summarize the obtained patterns and propose a solution to the identified problem.

 

Materials and methodsThe object of this study was the personal characteristics of potential journalists in correlation with their professional experience and identified difficulties.

 

The subject of the study is defined as the relationship of temperament and communicative patterns with the primary experience gained during attending classes, completing assignments and passing practice.

To identify communicative types among respondents, a questionnaire method was used, which made it possible to more accurately determine the relationship of people experiencing difficulty in collecting information, in terms of gender, and their attitude to a particular psychological type. Comparative analysis, in turn, made it possible to identify the pattern and identify the problem areas of this issue.

Revealing the definitions of the above terms, it is necessary to focus attention on one of the dominant positions of adaptation of potential journalists in the journalistic modern professional environment. Degitalization of work processes and interpretation of results affects the form of convergence of journalistic genres and the formation of new media. It should be noted that R. I. Maltseva speaks about modern media technologies and multi-vector adaptation in journalism [4]. Moreover, a person's predisposition to certain behavioral patterns, perception and the formation of a communicative process when collecting information can be considered an addendum to the results of this study. The need to analyze this aspect is also due to the crisis of traditional journalistic genres and the genesis of new media [8], the formation of which also takes into account the adaptation to convergence in terms of not only the training of journalistic personnel, but also the retraining of existing ones. And in this vein, it is necessary to talk about the study and analysis of psychological characteristics and predispositions directly. The emergence of new media is also based on the crisis of verbal content, which Molchanova M. M. and Lekova P. A. write about [5] Considering verbality in the context of an information gathering tool in journalistic activity, we can also talk about a creative way of transmitting information in a modern media text, as T. A. Lenkova writes [3]. It should also be noted that both A. G. Pastukhov [6] and A. A. Schneider [7] speak about new media, about the real perspective and problems of the development of this phenomenon and adaptation to it both from the point of view of the audience's perception of information, and from the point of view of training and development of professional personnel.

 

Research results

 

Students of the Faculty of Journalism are considered potential journalistic personnel. In this regard, the task is to find out not only their motivation and interest in this profession, but also their psychological predisposition to this activity. For more accurate identification among the students of the above-mentioned faculty of the Moscow University named after A.S. Griboyedov, a questionnaire was conducted to find out whether they experience difficulties in collecting information.  131 people took part in it: 40 boys (30.5% of the total number) and 91 girls (69.5% of the total number).

According to the results, the answers were distributed as follows: out of 131 respondents, 8 people answered "yes", which is 6.1% of the total. 54 respondents answered "No", which was 41.2%. 68 people were marked in the "Sometimes" column, which was 51.9%. Also, among the total number, one person did not answer this question – it was 0.7%.

 

 

There were 3 boys and 5 girls who answered positively, which is 37.5% and 62.5%, respectively.

 

 

Of the total number of young men who answered, the percentage is 7.5. Girls – 5.5.

The distribution of respondents who answered "yes" by personality types gave the following results:

§ Introverts – 2 people, which is 25%;

§ Extroverts – 6, which is 75%;

§ Ambiverts – 0 people;

§ Refrained from answering – 0 people.

 

 

Analyzing the results in relation to the total number of respondents by distribution by personality types, you can see the following:

· Introverts – 2 people out of 48, which is 4.2%;

· Extroverts – 6 people out of 59, which is 10.2%;

· Ambiverts – 0 people;

·         Refrained from answering – 0 people.

The answer "Sometimes" to the question "Do you have difficulties collecting information?" was given by 68 people. Of these, 18 boys and 50 girls, which is 26.5% and 73.5%, respectively.

 

Speaking about the overall ratio of those who answered "Sometimes" to this question with the total number of respondents divided by gender, the following results can be revealed: the number of boys is 45% of the total number of focus groups of boys, the number of girls is 54.9% of the total number of focus groups of girls.

Identifying a pattern based on the results relative to the distribution by personality types, those who answered "Sometimes" to the question "Do you have difficulties collecting information" it turns out that:

· Introverts – 25 out of 68 people, which is 36.7%;

· Extroverts – 28 people out of 68, which is 41.2%;

· Ambiverts – 12 people out of 68, which is 17.6%;

·         3 out of 68 people refrained from answering, which is 4.4%.

 

 

Analyzing the responses of all respondents with a distribution by personality types, you can see the following results:

· Introverts – 25 out of 48 people, which is 52.1%;

· Extroverts – 28 people out of 59, which is 47.5%;

· Ambiverts – 12 people out of 19, which is 63.2%;

·         3 out of 5 people refrained from answering, which is 60%.

Among those who answered "no" to the question "Do you have difficulties collecting information?" there were 54 people. Of these, 36 are girls and 18 are boys, which is 66.7% and 33.3% respectively.

 

 

If we take statistics in relation to the total responses of respondents divided by gender, the ratio of results is as follows: the number of boys is 18 out of 40, which is 45% of the total; the ratio of girls is 36 out of 91, which is 39.5% of the total.

The breakdown of the number of "no" respondents by personality type showed the following results:

· Introverts – 21 people, which is 38.9%;

· Extroverts – 24 people, which is 44.4%;

· Ambiverts – 7 people, which is 12.9%;

·         2 people refrained from answering, which is 3.7%.

 

 

The results regarding the total number of respondents by distributed personality types are as follows:

· Introverts – 21 out of 48 people, which is 43.75%;

· Extroverts – 24 people out of 59, which is 40.7%;

· Ambiverts – 7 people out of 19, which is 36.8%;

·         2 out of 5 people refrained from answering, which is 40%.

 

            DiscussionsThe conducted research proves that more than half of the respondents among the students of the Faculty of Journalism have difficulties with collecting information.

 

Speaking about the ratio of results by personality types, it is also possible to identify a predisposition to this among respondents with both introversion and extroversion.

This study demonstrates the need to classify the methodological base for collecting information in journalistic activities for an impeccable adaptation to modern realities in the conditions of digitalization of not only media content, but also training and work of a journalist. The need to adjust the theoretical and practical orientation in teaching to personality types and to allocate certain methods of collecting information for each individual psychotype is due to the predisposition of students to the systematic perception of the theoretical information presented. In addition, this development facilitates the training and work of potential journalists, as well as the choice of a specific type of professional activity.

The variability of the typologization of information collection methods in accordance with the respondents' belonging to a particular personality type may be as follows: journalists prone to introversion can use such methods of information collection as observation, working with documents and questionnaires; for extroversive representatives of this profession, the use of an interview / conversation, survey or experiment is justified. However, the latter type has a reason to be used regardless of the psychological predisposition of the journalist.

 

            Conclusions 1.     

 

Adaptation in the training and work of a journalist depends on the type of his psychological predisposition. It is caused by the convergence of traditional genres and methods of journalistic activity in the era of digitalization and contribute to the formation of new media.

2.      According to the results of the conducted research, more than 60 percent of journalism students have difficulties in collecting information.

3. The distribution and emphasis on the methods of collecting information regarding the commitment of a journalist to a particular activity is determined by the results of the conducted research.

References
1. Aizenk, G.Yu. Test your abilities. St. Petersburg: Lan, 1996. 158 p.
2. Introvert, extrovert, ambivert. What are they? // URL: https://www.b17.ru/article/352533/ (Date of access: 5.02.2023).
3. Lenkova T. A. Creative technologies for dividing the information flow in the heading complex of a krealized media text -na-materiale-zhurnala/viewer (Date of access: 5.02.2023).
4. Maltseva R.I. Media technologies and multi-vector adaptation of journalism // URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mediatehnologii-i-mnogovektornost-adaptatsii-zhurnalistiki/viewer (Date of access: 02/05/2023).
5. Molchanova M.M., Lekova P.A. The Crisis of Verbal Content in Internet Discourse // URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/krizis-verbalnosti-kontenta-v-internet-diskurse/viewer (Date of access: 02/05/2023).
6. Pastukhov A. G. On the boundaries of media: new media and new media culture // URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-granitsah-media-novye-media-i-novaya-mediynaya-kultura/viewer (Accessed: 02/05/2023).
7. Schneider A.A. New media - new opportunities // URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novye-media-novye-vozmozhnosti/viewer (Date of access: 02/05/2023).
8. Shuiskaya Yu.V., Platitsyn A.V. Foundations of the crisis of traditional journalistic genres: the genesis of new media (historical aspect). // Russia in the world: problems and prospects for the development of international cooperation in the humanitarian and social sphere: materials of the XIV International Scientific and Practical Conference (Moscow - Penza, November 21–22, 2022. Moscow - Penza, 2022. P. 121 - 127.
9. Extrovert and Introvert according to Eyzenk // URL: https://psychologos.ru/articles/view/ekstravert-i-introvert-po-ayzenku (Accessed: 5.02.2023).
10. Jung, K.G. Psychological types. Moscow: Academic project, 2019. 538 p.

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The article presented for consideration "The trichotomy of the methodology of journalistic activity in the context of a gradual transition to the universalization of the psychological portrait of a journalist", proposed for publication in the journal "Litera", is undoubtedly relevant, due to the consideration of the peculiarities of the organization of professional orientation of an applicant or a student of a specialized faculty, taking into account the psychological loads of future professional activity. The topic being developed is relevant, since today's training of journalists implies classical philological education, but insufficient in the field of psychological training in the future profession, which determines the relevance of this article. The purpose of the study, according to the author, is to consider the ratio of representatives of various psychological types among journalism students of 1-4 undergraduate courses. The article presents a research methodology, the choice of which is quite adequate to the goals and objectives of the work. The methodology is the method of questioning, comparative analysis, as well as methods of observation and description. The practical basis was a sample of 131 students from one of the universities of the city of Moscow. In this case, there are doubts about how representative such an insignificant sample of respondents of 1-4 courses, who are not homogeneous, is. The results of the study are graphically presented and accompanied by interpretation. The article is groundbreaking, one of the first in Russian journalism devoted to the study of such topics in the 21st century. This work was done professionally, in compliance with the basic canons of scientific research. The research was carried out in line with modern scientific approaches, the work consists of an introduction containing the formulation of the problem, the main part, traditionally beginning with a review of theoretical sources and scientific directions, a research and final one, which presents the conclusions obtained by the author. However, the introductory part does not contain references to the works of predecessors on this topic. In addition, the author does not rely on the research of foreign colleagues in this field. The bibliography of the article contains 10 sources, among which theoretical works are presented exclusively in Russian. Lack of original modern foreign research Unfortunately, the article does not contain references to fundamental works such as monographs, PhD and doctoral dissertations. Technically, the list of references is correct. In general, it should be noted that the article is written in a simple, understandable language for the reader. Typos, spelling and syntactic errors, inaccuracies in the text of the work were not found. The comments made are not significant and do not affect the overall positive impression of the reviewed work. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using its results in the process of teaching university courses in journalism and special psychology. The article will undoubtedly be useful to a wide range of people, philologists, undergraduates and graduate students of specialized universities. The article "The trichotomy of the methodology of journalistic activity in the context of a gradual transition to the universalization of the psychological portrait of a journalist" can be recommended for publication in a scientific journal.