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The Concept of Honor in Russian and Chinese Linguistic Cultures

Yan Yun'ya

Postgraduate student, RIAMP Department, RUDN

117198, Russia, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya street, 6, of. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

yunya626ya@163.com
Other publications by this author
 

 
Mitrofanova Irina Igorevna

PhD in Sociology

Associate Professor, Department of Russian language and teaching methodology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

117198, Russia, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya street, 6, of. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

mitrofanova-ii@rudn.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 

DOI:

10.25136/2409-8698.2023.2.39529

EDN:

DBSHEH

Received:

28-12-2022


Published:

05-03-2023


Abstract: This article is devoted to the actual problem of the concept "honor" in the Russian and Chinese linguocultures. The concept "honor" is important both for the Russian and Chinese language picture of the world, and is found in different contexts with different meanings. The concept "honor" is of interest in the studies of Russian and Chinese scientists, it reflects the cognitive perspectives and psychological state of different peoples. The object of the research is the concept "honor", the subject is the concept "honor" in Russian and Chinese linguocultures. The author considers conceptual studies in the Russian and Chinese language pictures of the world. The aim of the research of this work is to fully disclose the concept "honor" in Russian and Chinese linguoculture, as well as to identify national and cultural characteristics of the studied concept, trace the concept of the "honor" with the help of different dictionaries, investigate different concrete and stable expressions of the concept "honor" with similar meaning, including proverbs, sayings and others, analyzing symbolization of the concept "honor" in the mentality of the Russian people. In the process of work were used general scientific methods, inductive, descriptive, comparative, etc. As a result of the study it was possible to find out that the concept is an extremely important subject of study in linguoculturology. From the position of linguoculturology the concept "honor" is a reflection of the external world in human consciousness, which organizes the category of the linguistic picture of the world. Honor as an important concept in the study of linguoculturology, and at the same time one of the main concepts constituting Russian and Chinese national spirit.


Keywords:

linguoculturology, language picture of the world, concept, honor, linguoculture, vocabulary, lexeme, proverb, proverbs, phraseology

This article is automatically translated.

The linguistic picture of the world (YAKM) is one of the basic concepts of linguoculturology. Russian and Chinese scientists were engaged in the definition of this concept, its history, connection with linguistics and other sciences, the hierarchy of its components, the content and definition of the terminological status. The basic unit of the linguistic picture of the world is the concept [3, p.225].

According to D.S. Likhachev, “the concept is the result of a collision of the dictionary meaning of a word with a person's personal folk experience” [D.S. Likhachev 1997:320]. Thus, each concept may not be equally deciphered, taking into account the context and originality of the native speaker of culture and language. Likhachev notes that there are four levels in the lexical stock of the language: 1) it is the lexical stock itself; 2) the meanings of the lexical type; 3) the conceptual sphere; 4) concepts [D.S. Likhachev 1997:282].

According to V.I. Karasik, “conceptual - mental education, which represents significant conscious typed fragments of experience stored in a person's memory” [4, p. 59]. As Yu. S. Stepanov writes, an individual perceives culture mentally in the image of a concept. On the other hand, the researcher believes that through the concept, a person himself becomes a part of culture and has the opportunity to influence the formation of culture [5, p. 43].

S.G. Vorkachev believes that the concept is like a mental education, emphasized by linguistic and cultural specifics, and also notes in the “authorization of an impersonal, objectivist concept” [2, p. 67].

Russian Russian culture, character, spirit, value, etc. have been analyzed by some scientists from the point of view of the topic expression, while others have carried out a comparative analysis of the state culture, character, values of different peoples, including Russians.

At the same time, more and more Chinese linguists are interested in studying concepts. The works explore the basic theories of the concept, and a certain aspect of the concept, specific concepts. For example, Jiang Yamin(2007)in the work "concept"highlighted the terms "concept", "meaning", "representation" and "meaning", summarized the main research on the concept in Russia. Liu Juan (? 2007 2007) in?Concept from the point of view of etymology, terminology and lexicography explores the origin of the concept. In another work, Liu Juan(2008) analyzes in more detail the history and development of the theory of the concept. Master's, Candidate's and doctoral dissertations“MEMORY"?(2017), "spring/?"2021?, "life"?"death""?"?"?"2008? and "path" 2017?multidimensional concrete concepts as "earth", "fire", "bread", "life" and "death" in the cultural-linguistic aspect.

There is little research on the concept of "honor" in China. Hence, we conclude that in modern times in the Middle Kingdom, the study of the concept of "honor" in the aspect of linguoculturology is still in the formative stage. Regular enrichment and formation of the system of studying the concept gives us a better idea of the relationship between culture, man and language.

The views of Russian linguists do not oppose each other, but rather unite and complement, filling the image of the concept. Currently, Chinese scientists are also paying attention to this issue, so linguists Zhao Aiguo, Liu Hong, Peng Wenzhao, Jiang Yamin, Liu Juan and others are exploring the concept as a unit of intercultural communication. It is important to note that there are no scientific studies in China yet, the theoretical basis of which is the teaching of V.V. Kolesov on conceptology. Although the monograph "Language and Mentality" by V. V. Kolesov has been translated into Chinese [trans. Yang Mingtian] already in 2006.

The concept of "honor" is present in different linguistic cultures. This article discusses the lexical and semantic analysis of the concept of "honor". "Honor" is one of the basic concepts of any language and different cultures. This concept is of interest in the research of Russian and Chinese scientists. The object of the research is the concept of "honor", the subject is the concept of "honor" in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures based on dictionaries, phraseological units, proverbs and sayings.

The material for the work was Russian and Chinese academic and modern dictionaries, a dictionary of synonyms, a phraseological dictionary. Phraseological units from Internet resources were investigated, literature containing posters on the topic "honor" was analyzed. These materials show the novelty of the research approach of this article, because this study is an addition to modern research in the field of linguoculturology, in which no comparative study of the concept of "honor" in Russian and Chinese culture has yet been found. In addition, most studies of the concept of "honor" were conducted within the framework of literature, ethics and pedagogy.

In this paper, an attempt is made to integrate and compare the concept of "honor" in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures. The chosen concept of "honor" may be interesting from the point of view of lexical meaning and semantics.

For example, the following lexical meanings are given in Russian dictionaries:

Name of the lexicographic sourceThe meanings of the word honor presented in the dictionary

 

Russian Associative dictionary, 2002

 

(1)             Conscience

(2) Uniforms

(3)             Give away

(4) From a young age

(5)             Conscience

(6) Take care from a young age

(7) Have

(8)             Have

(9)             Ofinzer

(10)        To lose

(11) Female

(12)        And glory

(13)        Youth

(14)        Give away

(15) Officer

(16) Human

Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language edited by A.P. Evgenievna 2004

(1) Believe

(2) Good name

(3) Dignity

(4) Respect

(5) Pride

(6) Cleanliness

(7) A point of pride

(8) Reputation

(9) Mercy

(10) Honesty

(11) Honor

(12) Reverence

Dictionary of Russian Synonyms and Expressions Similar in meaning, edited by N. Abramov (1999).

(1) To honor, honor, honor, honor, respect, deceive, force.

(2) Respect, acknowledge, opinion, reverence, worship, nobility, valor.

(3) Loyalty, honesty.

(4) Dignity, pride, self-respect, beauty.

(5)Reputation, prestige, reputation.

(6) Wedding, girlhood.

(7) Attention.

(8)Headdress, patch,ornament.

(9) Innocence, chastity, chastity.

(10) Badges of honor.

(11) A good name, an object of pride.

Phraseological dictionary of modern Russian literary language A. K. Shaposhnikov 2010

 

(1) Honor by honor

(2) Honor by honor

 

 

Small Academic Dictionary, 1957—1960.

1. The totality of the highest moral and ethical principles of the individual.

2. Dignity (personal, professional, military, etc.). Honor, respect.

3. outdated. High rank, position, rank; honor.

4. What gives the right to honor, respect, recognition, is honorable.

5. About who or what they are proud of, who or what they pay tribute to, admiration, etc.

Table.1. The meaning of the concept "honor" in Russian dictionaries.

Also in Chinese dictionaries?

BKRS Dictionary [Electronic resource] https://dabkrs.com/

 

 

 

 

 

                         

1)  r?ngy?;

a matter of honor -

To fight for the honor and freedom of the Motherland - . .. . . . . . . . .

offend someone's honor - ...

2) (chastity) zh?nji?, zh?nji?, t?ngzh?n

3) (honor, respect) z?nj?ng

 

- "Dictionary of Modern Chinese", 2020.

1. dignity; pride

2. ïîõâ praise, approval

3. glorious, brilliant; glory, brilliance; splendor

https://bajiu.cn/zidian/?id=2200

- "Big Dictionary of the Chinese language", 2022.

r?ng

(1) [grow luxuriantly]

lush, dense; blooming, flourishing; flourishing

(2) ()()?

blooming, dense, lush, exuberant, abundant (about vegetation); flourish and prosper; abundance

(3) [flourish]

flourish; prosperity; flourishing; rise

(3) ()?

prosperity and tranquility 

(4) [abundant]

multitude, abundance, excess; in abundance, in excess

(5) “?” [glory?honor]?

glory, honor, honor; valor, dignity; pride; brilliance; glorious, brilliant; glorious

(6) [wealth and rank]()()

rich and noble; rich and powerful; wealthy and noble; wealth and nobility; money and honor; to live in wealth and honor

(8) [splendor]()()()()()()

glory and prosperity; splendor, luxury, greatness; honor; to be honored; to become famous

Table.2. The meaning of the concept of "honor" in Chinese dictionaries.

As you can see in Chinese, the concept of "honor" has many meanings, as in Russian. In Chinese, the word "honor" has the meaning of honor and reputation," , and in Russian, the meanings of "dignity", "honor, respect" met.

Next, we should consider the meaning of the language unit "honor" on the basis of proverbs and sayings, since both proverbs and sayings carry a generalized metaphorical meaning. Below we will look at some examples of the use of the concept of "honor" in Russian and Chinese everyday proverbs, sayings and phraseological expressions. Proverbs and sayings were selected from Chinese and Russian websites.

The concept of "honor" in Russian proverbs, sayings and phraseological units means:

(1)             To enter into honor (to enjoy honor and respect; to be at the mercy of someone), for example, he entered into honor.

(2)             In honor (about the honor, respect that someone or something enjoys), for example, he is in honor.

(3)             In honor (1. as a sign of respect for someone or something; 2. as a solemn occasion; on the occasion of something, for example, a reception in honor).

(4)             It is not out of honor that they carry the news, in meaning it is similar to our other expression "whoever will inform, he will not take his head off." It means that a person who denounces someone is a person without honor.

(5)             Honor is not in the beard, this phrase means: the goat also has a beard. This means that no matter the size of your beard, honor is achieved in another way, namely through hard work.

In Chinese proverbs, sayings and phraseological units?

(6) r?ng r? d? sh? fame and (or) the shame, the acquisition or loss.

(7) [ r?ng r? zh? sh?u ] knowing his glory, to save it for yourself obscurity.

(8)             [ r?ng z?ng y?o z? ] To glorify their ancestors; to increase the glory of their ancestors with their glory.

(9) [su? s? y?u r?ng] deserved fame, even when he died.

(10)        Initially, it referred to a woman who had lost her chastity, but later it came to mean the loss of modesty in general. To die of poverty and hunger is a small matter, but to lose one's virtue is a much more serious matter.

(11)        This is a sacrifice in the service of the people, and his death is more important than the mountain.

(12)        ,The point is that the student had to respect his teacher, and only after he respected his teacher, he could respect the truth he was studying.

(13)        , , A person's death can be heavier than a mountain or lighter than a feather.

In the course of our research, we compared the use of the concept of "honor" in Russian and Chinese dictionaries, proverbs, sayings and phraseological units and revealed the following similarities and differences. In Chinese, the concept of "honor" has its own specific features associated with the hieroglyph "zun?", "rong?", "lianmian ", etc. In the Russian language, the meanings of "honor, respect" and "the totality of the highest moral and ethical principles of the individual are more common. The use of the word "honor" in the meaning of "zun?", "rong?" turned out to be similar. When the concept of "honor" is associated with a face, and in China the face plays an unusual role, here this meaning is very important for every Chinese. The famous Chinese writer Lin Yutang wrote, "the cult of a person cannot be translated or precisely defined...", this is something abstract, immaterial, a subtle standard of Chinese social relations. In Russian culture, it is, nevertheless, more about trust, and for the Chinese it is unrealistically important, for them it is everything! [Electronic resource?Laowai.ru ] .

The importance of propaganda posters is also important in the study of the concept of HONOR, as it reflects the social, cultural state of society and people's worldview.

When it comes to linguoculture, for Russians and Chinese, especially for young people, the poster plays an important role in their communicative speech life.

Of course, there are a lot of propaganda posters related to the concept of honor in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures, for example?

f667f4dc1a09fd28b097a7063bdcbcb

Figure 1. Poster about honor from the heading "Soviet posters. Education"Thus, honor embodies the moral dignity of a person, and it should be cherished from a young age.

When people are young, they think they have enough time and that things can change in the future.

7e83b6624b9d515fed2e0e684686b91

Figure 2. Poster about honor from the heading "Soviet posters / Education"This reminds us that it is necessary to preserve honor with dignity, and to arouse respect for ourselves.

017cb379603ea0312f935ae496058ff

Figure 3. A meme about honor from a Chinese book for childrenThe point of the poster is that you may not remember me, but you should not forget about the eight honors and eight disgraces.

This reminds us that we need to remember the political socialist program. "Eight theses about glory and shame."

948071f7c5e414fd90d532dbed3081f

Figure 4. A poster about honor from a Chinese book for children.This means that this honor belongs to us, this is our honor.

In the article we examined the concept of the concept "honor", compared the use of the concept in Russian and Chinese dictionaries, proverbs and sayings, as well as phraseological units, posters. It can be understood that the concept of "honor" is important for both the Russian language picture of the world and the Chinese and occurs in different contexts, with different meanings. The concept of "honor" arouses interest in the research of Russian and Chinese scientists, reflects the cognitive perspectives and psychological state of different peoples.

In this paper, we analyzed conceptual studies in the Russian and Chinese language pictures of the world, as a result, we identified similarities and differences between them. Russian Russian and Chinese have almost the same concept of "honor" in the meaning of "face and reputation" (), but in Chinese the meanings are not only associated with reputation as in Russian, but also mean prosperity, beauty, brilliance; joy, disabled war veteran, lush, thick; blooming, prosperous, etc.

It can be said that in the meaning of the concept of "honor" there are similarities and differences in Chinese and Russian. In addition, the concept is an extremely important subject of study in Chinese and Russian linguoculturology. From the standpoint of linguoculturology, the concept of "honor" is a reflection of the external world in a person's mind, which organizes the category of the linguistic picture of the world. "Honor" as an important concept in the study of linguoculturology, and at the same time one of the main concepts that make up the Russian and Chinese national spirit.

We note the insufficient degree of study of the concept of HONOR as a component of the picture of the world of a native speaker of modern Russian in linguistic, discursive, cultural-speech, content, etc. aspects, as well as the lack of research of this concept, which would be of a complex nature. The description of the concept of HONOR seems relevant, since this concept is significant in any linguistic culture, both in Russian and Chinese, is defined as one of the important components of the national picture of the world. His research is important for introducing the world to Russian and Chinese culture and attracting more attention of specialists, translators interested in this topic.

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First Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The article "The concept of honor in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures" submitted for consideration, proposed for publication in the journal Litera, is undoubtedly relevant, due to the growing interest in studying the Chinese language and culture in our country. The article examines the current problems of linguoculturology of two different cultures - Russian and Chinese, and the author examines the linguistic picture of the world of the two peoples through the concept of "honor". The author considers the lexical and semantic analysis of the concept of "honor" as one of the basic concepts of any language and different cultures. The study compared the use of the concept of "honor" in Russian and Chinese proverbs, sayings, and phraseological units. It should be noted that there is a relatively small number of studies on this topic in Russian linguistics. The article is innovative, one of the first in Russian linguistics devoted to the study of such issues. The author illustrates the classification with language examples in Russian and Chinese. However, the scope and principles of sampling the linguistic material on which the study is based are unclear. The author does not specify the sample size and its principles. How large is the text corpus and from what sources was it obtained? Or was the language material borrowed from the research of other authors? Structurally, we note that this work was done professionally, in compliance with the basic canons of scientific research. The research was carried out in line with modern scientific approaches, the work consists of an introduction containing a statement of the problem, a mention of the main researchers of this topic, the main part, traditionally beginning with a review of theoretical sources and scientific directions, research and final, which presents the conclusions obtained by the author. The disadvantages include the lack of clearly defined tasks in the introductory part, the ambiguity of the methodology and the progress of the study. The conclusion in this paper is missing in essence, since the conclusion should present the results of the study and its prospects, and not list what has been done. The bibliography of the article contains 14 sources, among which scientific works are presented exclusively in Russian. We believe that the presence of the works of Chinese researchers would greatly enrich the article. Unfortunately, the article does not contain references to fundamental works such as monographs, PhD and doctoral dissertations. Typos, spelling and syntactic errors, inaccuracies in the text of the work were not found. The work is innovative, representing the author's vision of solving the issue under consideration and may have a logical continuation in further research. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using its results in the teaching of university courses on linguistic and cultural studies, comparative study of Russian and Chinese culture, practice of the Chinese language, as well as courses on interdisciplinary research on the relationship between language and society. The article will undoubtedly be useful to a wide range of people, philologists, undergraduates and graduate students of specialized universities. The article "The concept of honor in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures" can be recommended for publication in a scientific journal after making a number of adjustments: 1) strengthening the theoretical basis of research in the bibliography, 2) referring to the works of Chinese linguists in the field of this topic, 3) clarifying the corpus of research and the methodology of its processing, 4) strengthening the conclusions based on the results of the study, pointing to novelty, and not to self-evident things.

Second Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

Linguistic and cultural studies have recently become popular and widespread. Most of these works are aimed at deciphering the conceptual side of the language. In this work, the author, in particular, notes that "the linguistic picture of the world (YAKM) is one of the basic concepts of linguoculturology. Russian and Chinese scientists were engaged in the definition of this concept, its history, its connection with linguistics and other sciences, the hierarchy of its components, the content and definition of the terminological status. The basic unit of the linguistic picture of the world is the concept." It is worth agreeing with this statement, especially since it is supported by a reference to the authoritative work of D.S. Likhachev: "according to whom, "the concept is the result of a collision of the dictionary meaning of a word with a person's personal folk experience" [D.S. Likhachev 1997:320]. Thus, each concept may not be equally deciphered, taking into account the context and originality of the native speaker of culture and language. Likhachev notes that there are four levels in the lexical stock of the language: 1) it is the lexical stock itself; 2) the meanings of the lexical type; 3) the conceptual sphere; 4) concepts [D.S. Likhachev 1997:282]". The reviewed article is full-fledged, voluminous, independent, and clearly presents the position of the researcher. No serious factual violations have been revealed, because the main line of study is maintained from the very beginning of the work to its finale. The central concept that is being analyzed is the concept of "HONOR". It is noted that "there is little research on the concept of honor in China. Hence, we conclude that in modern times in China, the study of the concept of "honor" in the aspect of linguoculturology is still in its infancy. Regular enrichment and formation of the concept study system gives us a better understanding of the relationship between culture, man and language." The target setting is specific – "the paper attempts to integrate and compare the concept of "honor" in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures. The chosen concept may be interesting from the point of view of lexical meaning and semantics." In my opinion, the material collected quite successfully fits into a tabular form, the principle of consistency in this case works as well as possible. The examples / illustrative block are sufficient, the adjacent parametric factor allows the author to reveal the meaning of the concept of "HONOR" as much as possible, to show the so-called effect of situational use of this "concept". It's not bad that intermediate conclusions are introduced into the work, they are also bundle models. For example, "in the course of our research, we compared the use of the concept of "honor" in Russian and Chinese dictionaries, proverbs, sayings and phraseological units and revealed the following similarities and differences. In Chinese, the concept of "honor" has its own specific features associated with the hieroglyph "zun?", "rong?", "lianmian ??", etc. In the Russian language, the meanings of "honor, respect" and "the totality of the highest moral and ethical principles of a person are more common. The use of the word "honor" in the meaning of "zun?", "rong?", etc. turned out to be similar. The final block of the work contains the following statement: "We can say that in the meaning of the concept of "honor" there are similarities and differences in Chinese and Russian. In addition, the concept is an extremely important subject of study in Chinese and Russian linguoculturology. From the point of view of linguoculturology, the concept of "honor" is a reflection of the outside world in a person's mind, which organizes the category of the linguistic picture of the world. "Honor" as an important concept in the study of linguoculturology, and at the same time one of the main concepts that make up the Russian and Chinese national spirit." Thus, the author sums up a certain result of his research, motivates, actualizes potential readers for the further course of studying the concept of "HONOR". The novelty of this work lies in the syncretic nature of comparing two cultures, the frame is the factor of using the concept of "HONOR" in each of them. The methodology of evaluating the concept is not contradictory, academically justified, the style correlates with the scientific type itself. In my opinion, it does not hurt to correct the list of sources, to unify the nominations: Full name of the work. – Place of publication: publisher, year. – total number of pages. In general, the text is available for reading / analysis / evaluation; the material can be used in university practice. I recommend the article "The concept of honor in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures" for publication in the journal "Litera".