Abstract: This article examines the promising concepts of formation of vertical greening systems for buildings and structures, as well as the problem of development of environmental approaches towards creating architectural sites using the advanced technological means. The object of this research is the system of vertical greening of facades of buildings and structures. The subject is the analysis of installation of various vertical greening systems, which allowed conducting a comparative assessment of costs. Special attention is given to the design peculiarities of vertical greening systems and their functionality during winter. The article employs the method of systematic analysis of tested techniques for the installation of vertical greening systems based on the criteria of the type of greening to be used, method of installation, irrigation and drainage systems, convenience of use, and cost. The author describes the approaches towards creating various designs of vertical greening systems; compares the systems by technical and economic parameters. These obtained results are presented in a tabular form for selecting the system, taking into consideration various parameters. The solutions are given that allow using the vertical greening systems during winter for various types of structures, indicating that the installation costs depend on the special measures to be used. The examples of implementation of the concepts under review are provided.

Abstract: This article explores the improvement of characteristic of the construction 3D printer through changing its design, mixing ratio, and selection of necessary additives. The object of this research is the influence of additives and methods of their use in cement-sand grout in accordance with its characteristics. Special attention is given to monitoring of the effective doping of additives in cement-sand grout for the construction 3D printer based on the experimental and theoretical studies, and possibility of a prompt change of the mixture ratio in erecting various building structures. For determining the effect of different additives upon the mixture properties for the construction 3D printer, the author conducts experimental research following the method recommended by the All-Union State Standard. For the convenient usage of mixtures in the construction 3D printer is designed a regime imitating the process of extruding the mixture. The article suggests recommendations on the selection of mixture ratio for the construction 3D printer in various buildings and constructs (load-bearing walls, cross-connections, partitions). The article provides the results of experimental study for durability of mixture and placeability of mixtures with the use of additives. The author presents the design of extruder for construction 3D printer that would ensure variability of doping additives in mixture.

Abstract: The subject of this study is an algorithm for determining the optimal parameters of shallow thin-walled spatial geometrically nonlinear shells on the elastic base. A main attention is paid to the selection algorithm optimization of such structures and its adaptation to the problem of finding the optimal form of shallow shell construction taking into account the material nonlinearity. The paper also demonstrates the possibility of achieving significant savings in volume (weight) of structures such as thin shallow shells on elastic base by changing its shape and thickness distribution. The optimization algorithm is based on a modification of a method of random search, including a combination of random and gradient search, as well as a method of "ravines". The algorithm for determining the optimal parameters of thin-walled spatial structures can be used to determine critical force and stresses for geometrically nonlinear shallow shells on an elastic base with a variable middle surface shape under various constraints. The novelty of the research is to use the combined method of finding the extremum of nonlinear functions with various restrictions.