Abstract: This article examines the role of cottage communities' remoteness from urban infrastructure in shaping a unique living environment, where traditional security mechanisms are either delayed or ineffective. Due to their geographic and infrastructural isolation, residents of cottage communities face a wide range of threats. A comprehensive approach to the safety of residents of cottage communities located outside the reach of city services remains fragmented.The integration of technical security measures, engineering protection, architectural planning solutions, and social self-organization into a unified "comprehensive security" system remains understudied. An analysis of the impact of remoteness revealed two key security aspects: the impact on emergency response times and the impact on the reliability of life support systems. The research method was a sociological survey conducted in the form of formal face-to-face interviews at the respondents' places of residence. The study's novelty lies in its analysis of the opinions of cottage community residents, which allowed us to identify the risks of suburban living associated with spatial isolation from urban infrastructure, as well as to identify problems and proposals for ensuring comprehensive security in cottage communities, divided into key areas focused on different stages—from site selection to day-to-day management. Modern technologies offer comprehensive solutions that significantly reduce risks for remote cottage communities. The key principle is to create a maximally autonomous, intelligent, and redundant environment. The use of such solutions allows for the creation of an integrated security environment within a remote cottage community: an energy framework (AGEK) ensures that security and life support systems are never without power; intelligent video surveillance (with AI and audio analytics) provides 24/7 monitoring of the perimeter and public areas, identifying threats at an early stage; a digital perimeter (ACS and panic buttons) controls the flow of visitors and vehicles, and in a critical situation, allows for immediate assistance, eliminating the distance.

Keywords: integrated security, cottage communities, remote infrastructure, risks, autonomous systems, sustainable development of territories, survey, environmental factors, engineering protection, technical means of security

Abstract: This article examines a systems approach to combating desertification using large-scale shelterbelts established by several countries (the USSR/Russia, China, and African countries). It demonstrates that the planting of wide shelterbelts in the southeast of European Russia (ER) after World War II and the 1946 drought proved successful, protecting farmland from dry winds. However, these shelterbelts have now been largely lost, leading to desertification in Kalmykia and several other regions of Russia. Among the causes of tree mortality are their advanced age and a number of diseases, the spread of which is linked to climate change. The implementation dynamics of the "Great Green Wall" project to create a massive shelterbelt south of the Sahara from the 1980s to the present are examined. A comparative analysis of the implementation of the Great Green Wall projects in the South Sahara, the Chinese Green Wall (China), and the experience of combating desertification in the southern regions of the USSR was conducted. The relevance of creating a system of shelterbelts on the border with deserts is beyond doubt in terms of improving the state of local ecosystems. In terms of achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2015–2030), afforestation cannot always be considered a method for slowing global warming by capturing part of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that monoculture in forest plantations should be avoided, gaps should be created in them, slope exposure and altitudinal zonation should be taken into account when choosing crops, and shelterbelts should be restored taking into account the lifespan of trees. Plantations in the Sahel are not self-regenerating forests. They require a long period of care and repair, as in the biological reclamation of poor soils. Regular replanting of trees in shelterbelts is required, taking into account their lifespan.

Keywords: desertification, forest belts, tree species, wild plants, soviet experience, China, Sahel, Africa, artificial forest plantations, climate change

Abstract: The subject of the study is a set of organizational, legal, technical, and preventive measures aimed at ensuring the anti-terrorist security of educational organizations in the Russian Federation. The article examines anti-terrorist security not as a sum of individual measures but as a comprehensive system for managing the safety of the educational environment, which includes categorization of facilities, development of security protocols, organization of access and intra-facility regimes, application of security technical means, alarm and notification systems, as well as training of personnel and preventive work with students. Special attention is paid to the interrelationship between regulatory requirements and practical mechanisms for their implementation in educational organizations. The study also addresses the issue of coordinating anti-terrorist measures with fire safety requirements, evacuation, and the everyday functioning of educational institutions. The research is based on systematic, comparative-legal, and classificatory approaches. The materials for the study include the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, national standards and codes of practice, scientific publications on issues of comprehensive safety in educational organizations, as well as practice-oriented industry materials on technical notification systems. The scientific novelty lies in substantiating a comprehensive approach to ensuring the anti-terrorist security of educational organizations, where legal, organizational, engineering-technical, staff, and preventive measures are viewed as interconnected elements of a unified security system. Unlike approaches primarily focused on meeting formal requirements or installing individual technical means, the article proposes a systematization of protection methods based on functional purposes and levels of managerial impact. It concludes that the effectiveness of anti-terrorist security is determined not only by the presence of a security protocols, access control, video surveillance, alarm systems, and notification systems, but also by the degree of their integration into the daily activities of the educational organization. The necessity of coordinating anti-terrorist measures with fire safety requirements, evacuation, and the provision of an accessible educational environment is emphasized.

Keywords: safety of the educational environment, anti-terrorist security, access control regime, internal security regime, technical security systems, warning and notification system, fire safety, evacuation, alarm signaling system, risk management

Abstract: This work is devoted to improving the terminology of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of security theory. It is noted that in Russian scientific publications of recent decades there has been considerable ambiguity in defining fundamental categories such as "threat", "challenge", "danger" and "security". This ambiguity is manifested in the syncretism (confusion) of the fields of definition of these concepts, which is illustrated in the article by specific examples. It is established that there are no formalized theoretical methods for unambiguously determining the semantic content of these concepts. In this regard, there is a need to develop informal procedures based on an analysis of the practice of using terms in media and scientific discourse. The priority task of the research is the formation and testing of such procedures using the example of the semantic space of "threat" as the basic one in security theory. To achieve these goals, the method of systematic analysis of cases of syncretism of semantic spaces of terms was applied, which made it possible to draw attention to the disadvantages that arise in this case, as well as methods of cognitive linguistics, such as conceptual analysis and explication, when developing informal procedures. Their application made it possible to justify the inadmissibility of syncretism of semantic spaces of categories, since each of them is continuous, sovereign and unlimited. Since there are no strict theoretical methods for unambiguously defining the semantic field of a term, a specific scheme for implementing an informal procedure is proposed to solve this problem. The analysis of the use of the concept of "threat" in the Russian media discourse was considered as an approbation of the scheme. Based on it, a logical and semantic model of the concept of "threat" has been compiled. It is emphasized that the "threat" must necessarily include two main characteristics: the likelihood of negative factors and harmful consequences as a result of their impact. Attention is drawn to the fact that the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of "threat" presupposes, in addition to its semantic core, a variety of interpretations that take into account the specifics of the relevant fields of application – environmental, economic, national security, etc., with any degree of detail.

Keywords: syncretism of concepts, categories, security, meaning formation procedure, interpretation, threat, analysis, media discourse, logical-semantic model, polymorphism

Abstract: The subject of the study is a set of problems arising in the criminal law qualification of actions related to the use of ambiguous conceptual apparatus in the area of handling legally protected information. The focus is on the analysis of terminological conflicts between definitions of key concepts related to actions with legally protected information, such as "distribution," "disclosure," "copying," and "modification," as enshrined in various regulatory legal acts (the Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies, and Information Protection," the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and resolutions of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation), and their practical application. The research is concentrated on identifying the consequences of these contradictions for the qualification of crimes, particularly the issue of the relationship between the general norm of Article 272 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and special norms protecting specific types of legally protected information (e.g., Articles 155, 183 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and others). Special emphasis is placed on the contradiction whereby the form of information presentation (digital or analog) unjustifiably influences the qualification and severity of punishment. The aim of the article is to identify systemic terminological contradictions in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the handling of legally protected information, as well as to develop specific proposals for improving criminal law norms to overcome such conflicts. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the work: dialectical method, method of legal comparativism, analysis, synthesis, generalization, and abstraction. The scientific novelty lies in identifying a violation of the principle of justice in criminal law caused by such terminological conflicts. The author argues that the current regulation leads to unjust differentiation of responsibility, where the category of the crime depends on the form of the information carrier (digital or analog) rather than the essence of the action. As a solution, a conceptually new model is proposed: unification of the concept of "disclosure" through a note to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the introduction of the criterion of "significant harm" in Article 272 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for a flexible assessment of actual damage. In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of incorrect definitions of methods of handling information contained in the existing legislation creates prerequisites for contradictory law enforcement, leading in some cases to unjust punishment and, in others, to the release from liability of individuals who have committed socially dangerous acts.

Keywords: legally protected information, crime, dissemination of information, disclosure of information, copying of information, modification of information, method of committing a crime, principle of fairness, social danger, Criminal Code

Abstract: In the context of improving the law enforcement management system, the interaction mechanism is studied as a multi-component process of administrative and state management. Of interest are not so much individual elements of interaction (system of relations, powers, connections, information exchange, organization, planning, control, etc.), as understanding the method of their connection and influence on the controlled object to achieve a specific goal. A regulated and consistent sequence of individual management components (goal, tasks, principles, forms, methods, etc.) in functional and structural terms represent a qualitatively integrated combination of means, in the form of a unique management device called the interaction mechanism, with the help of which the goals and tasks of law enforcement management to ensure security and law and order are effectively achieved. The article was prepared on the basis of a general methodology and a special analysis of the theory and practice of interaction between law enforcement agencies, the study of regulatory documents, the study of law enforcement activities based on the provisions of the theory of social management, information analysis and the latest achievements in the field of interdisciplinary scientific research, ensuring the comprehensiveness of the organizational and legal study of the mechanism of joint activities of law enforcement agencies. The relevance of the work is due to the globalization of the state management system, as an urgent need to maintain public safety and law and order in the territory of the Russian Federation. Citizens and social institutions need constant protection of their rights, freedoms and legitimate interests from illegal manifestations, ensuring law and order. And in this, an important role is played by law enforcement agencies, implementing the function of administrative and state management in the field of ensuring security and law and order. However, the management mechanisms of law enforcement agencies do not fully meet the requirements of modern conditions, including the interaction mechanism. The novelty of the work is predetermined by the adopted methodology of the systems approach to cognition of the essence and content of the mechanism of interaction of law enforcement agencies as a continuous process in the system of social and administrative and state management, the possibility of establishing the nature and features of the interacting elements of the device under study, taking into account the interests of both the subjects of joint activities and the interests of society. A new concept of "interaction mechanism" is integrated as a derivative category in relation to management and its main functions and serves as a means of expressing their implementation.

Keywords: interaction, mechanism, administrative and public administration, security, law and order, law enforcement agencies, process, social management, mechanism design, lsystem approach

Abstract: The object of the study is computer crime in Russia under the anti-Russian sanctions, its geographical specificity, and the influence of digitalization on the victimization of vulnerable population groups. The subject of the research is statistical data on criminal activity in the sphere of remote trade and payment operations, as well as the mechanisms of determining public criminal property crime in the information society. The author examines aspects of the topic in detail, such as the national character of fraudulent schemes, the role of the language barrier in online auctions, transnational criminal activity, and the adaptation of criminal groups to new economic realities. The article pays special attention to the victimological aspects of computer crime, including an analysis of the vulnerability of the elderly to fraud due to low levels of digital literacy and habits associated with traditional forms of banking services. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition. The empirical part includes a comparative analysis of data from official reports, focusing on the identification of victims of fraud. The theoretical basis relies on the works of Russian and foreign criminologists and victimologists, including studies by D. V. Zhmurov, E. Carter, and D. Ngan. The main findings of the study reveal the specifics of the geographical structure of computer crime in Russia under anti-Russian sanctions, as well as the analysis of transnational criminal activity that persists despite the formal break in economic ties. Despite Russia's exclusion from international payment systems, transnational criminal activity continues due to the adaptation of criminal groups to alternative channels of fund movement, including cash payments, cryptocurrency operations, and offshore jurisdictions. A particular contribution of the author to the research topic is a detailed analysis of the victimological aspects of fraud, specifically the vulnerability of the elderly, due to low levels of digital literacy and habits associated with traditional forms of banking services. The new edition of Article 187 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not cover all forms of involvement of "drops" in criminal activities, which reduces the preventive potential of the norm and requires substantial correction for the purposes of special prevention. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author proposes a synthetic approach that combines the dialectical method of cognition, principles of historical materialism, and empirical data from foreign sources to study the determination of computer crime.

Keywords: criminology, cybercrime, electronic means of payment, payment fraud, e-commerce, elderly crime victims, consumer protection system, cybersecurity, cryptocurrency transactions, UN Convention on Cybercrime

Abstract: The subject of this study is the social relations that develop in the field of criminal proceedings at the stage of initiating a criminal case for crimes against public safety committed using information and telecommunication technologies, as well as the set of legal, forensic, and organizational norms and mechanisms regulating this activity. The article examines the specifics of the motives and grounds for initiating criminal cases of the discussed category of crimes, the procedure for verifying reports of crimes against public safety committed using information technologies, the role of judicial expertise, and operational-search activities. Special attention is paid to issues of preserving digital traces, jurisdiction problems, and interagency interaction. Based on the analysis of scientific positions and law enforcement practice, ways to improve pre-trial proceedings in this category of cases are proposed. The article conducts a comprehensive analysis of procedural, forensic, and organizational problems arising at the stage of initiating a criminal case for crimes against public safety committed using information and telecommunication technologies. The study employs methods such as dialectical, system-structural, formal-logical, comparative-legal, and others. The presented article is dedicated to the comprehensive analysis of one of the most acute and dynamically developing problems of modern criminal proceedings – the initiation of criminal cases for crimes against public safety committed using digital technologies. The relevance of this research is determined by the rapid digitalization of not only legitimate spheres of public life but also criminal activities that increasingly exploit the anonymity of telecommunication networks, cryptographic methods, and the transboundary nature of the internet space. This new criminal reality requires an adequate, timely, and, importantly, procedurally calibrated response from both the legislator and the law enforcer. The author applies a systemic approach to the analysis of traditional procedural institutions (motives, grounds, checking reports of crimes) through the lens of their transformation in the digital environment.

Keywords: initiation of a criminal case, public safety, cybercrime, digital evidence, checking the message, information technology, forensic examination, operational investigative activities, jurisdiction, crime

Abstract: The article analyzes a new non-procedural form of ensuring the safety of participants in criminal proceedings, related to authorized bodies obtaining access to information systems. It substantiates the conclusion about the insufficient regulatory clarity of this measure, manifested in the lack of established grounds for its application in legislation, as well as guarantees for the rights and legitimate interests of information system owners. The necessity of legislative regulation of this form of security provision within the framework of special legislation on state protection for participants in criminal proceedings is noted, including the establishment of control mechanisms over the activities of officials endowed with the corresponding powers. Special attention is given to the problem of law enforcement regarding Article 19.5.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, and the appropriateness of normatively defining the concept of improper execution of legal prescriptions by authorized bodies is justified to prevent potential abuses by law enforcement agencies. The methodological basis includes both general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, logical, historical-legal, and others) and specific scientific methods of knowledge (comparative-legal, structural-functional, sociological, statistical, logical, and others). A significant contribution by the authors is the analysis of a new measure to ensure the safety of participants in criminal proceedings, which has not previously been reflected in scientific works. In particular, an assessment of its legal nature is provided, a comparison of the discussed form of security provision with operational-search activities and investigative actions is conducted, and the insufficient regulatory clarity of this measure is established, expressed in the lack of established grounds for its application in legislation, as well as guarantees for the rights and legitimate interests of information system owners. Thus, the analysis of the provisions of the interdepartmental order, which provides for the possibility of employees of authorized bodies obtaining access to information, including information protected by federal law, based on a prescription, allows for the conclusion that judicial sanction for the decision to access information systems was not obtained. In this regard, a direct violation of the provisions of Article 23 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is seen, what means that the restriction of the right to confidentiality of correspondence, telephone conversations, and postal, telegraph, and other messages is permitted only on the basis of a court decision.

Keywords: security, participant in criminal proceedings, information system, database, personal data, law enforcement agencies, threat, protected person, security measure, responsibility

Abstract: The subject of the research consists of the patterns of the mechanism of crimes against state authority, the interests of public service, and service in local government bodies (Chapter 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), which manifest in modern methods of their preparation, commission, and concealment, as well as the criminalistically significant properties of the personality of the offender. Based on the analysis of 1,245 criminal cases and judicial decisions, statistical data from the Main Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for the period 2010–2025, stable trends have been identified: an increase in the number of official crimes with a forecast of up to 41,500 by 2027; high latency and complexity of qualification (in 38.16% of cases, there is a combination of elements); a systemic and ongoing nature of the acts. The criminological profile of the official criminal has been analyzed (dominance of individuals aged 36–55 with higher education, married, previously not convicted). Foreign experience in combating corruption has been considered, and promising directions for improving forensic investigation methodology have been formulated, including the introduction of methods of economic analysis, computer forensics, and algorithms for detecting affiliated connections. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive application of formal legal, comparative legal, statistical, and specific sociological methods. The empirical base consists of official data from the Main Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for 2010–2025, as well as materials from 1,245 criminal cases processed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and forecasting modeling methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, based on a representative sample (1,245 criminal cases), a comprehensive forensic analysis of the current state and trends of official crime in Russia has been conducted for the first time. Typical methods of preparation, commission, and concealment of crimes in various spheres—penitentiary system, budgetary legal relations, property alienation, forestry, and public procurement—have been identified and systematized. Correlations between methods of crimes and criminalistically significant characteristics of the personality of the offender have been established, and their updated criminological profile has been compiled. Based on statistical forecasting, a conclusion has been justified regarding the increase in the number of official crimes to 41,500 by 2027. Promising directions for improving forensic investigation methodology have been formulated, including the introduction of methods of economic analysis, computer forensics, and algorithms for detecting affiliated connections.

Keywords: Official crimes, Corruption, Forensic characteristics, Methods of crime commission, Public procurement, Penal system, Budgetary sphere, Offender profile, Counteraction to investigation, Foreign experience