Abstract: Violations of rules and requirements in the process of extracting the aquatic resources create a risk of destruction of certain types of biological resources, and affect the economic stability of the state. The author discusses the problem of terminological inconsistency of legal norms that establish liability for offenses related to the illegal extraction of aquatic biological resources. Special attention is paid to issues of a conceptual nature in this area, in particular, the use of various terms in legal acts regulating the extraction of aquatic biological resources. The article discusses the legal norms that establish responsibility for the commission of offenses against aquatic biological resources. Special attention is paid to the specifics of the use of terminology in the appointment of administrative and criminal liability for illegal extraction of aquatic biological resources. It is noted that at the moment, the legal norms providing for responsibility for the illegal extraction of aquatic biological resources require changes to them. These changes, in particular, relate to clarifying the wording set out in existing regulatory legal acts, as well as verifying their compliance with the norms governing fishing and the conservation of aquatic biological resources. The author draws attention to the importance of bringing the terminology used to uniformity and fixing at the legislative level the list of mammals (among which the category "marine mammals" stands out) that belong to aquatic biological resources. It is assumed that these measures will affect the elimination of legal conflicts, as well as make legal norms more understandable for both subjects of their application and citizens.

Keywords: crime, legal regulation, problems of terminology, criminal responsibility, environmental offense, aquatic biological resources, fishing, administrative responsibility, illegal extraction, responsibility

Abstract: The author examines in detail aspects of the ecological program for the Volga River, the legal and regulatory framework governing its conservation and rehabilitation, as well as the implementation of the federal project "Revitalization of the Volga." The article discusses the historical and economic significance of the Volga, its role for Russia as the main water artery. The author addresses issues related to water pollution caused by anthropogenic impact. Special attention is given to the reasons for the inefficiency of project implementation, including insufficient regional coordination, lack of public involvement, and the need for better integration of scientific knowledge. The author emphasizes on the importance of developing modern monitoring technologies and their application. Additionally, a unified strategy for restoring the Volga basin is proposed, calling for the expansion of federal programs and improvement of inter-agency cooperation to effectively address environmental consequences. The research is based on general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition, allowing for the analysis of the regulatory framework, federal programs, and historical data. This enabled a rough assessment of the current ecological state of the Volga River. The main conclusions of the study indicate that the Strategy for implementing the measures aimed at the "Revitalization of the Volga" should be based on a comprehensive approach, addressing ecological, economic, and social issues and their solutions. Complexity is also necessary in terms of legal regulation, as the rehabilitation of water bodies involves several sectors. First and foremost, a detailed analysis of the current state of the river must be conducted, a technical base for data collection established, key sources of pollution identified, and priority zones for rehabilitation activities determined. The novelty of the research lies in the proposal to create a single operator overseeing the implementation of such a federal project. The unification of efforts of various ministries and agencies responsible for environmental protection, water resources, and territorial development will create the synergistic effect necessary for the effective execution of the program. The author also considers it advisable to adopt other measures: – eliminate the lack of equipment and modernize wastewater treatment infrastructure; – extend the planning horizon of the new program, allocating part of the time for result analysis and data recording; – implement new water purification and monitoring technologies; – establish analytical centers (think tanks) focused on the comprehensive study of the problems of the Volga.

Keywords: public administration, Volga basin, Ecological condition, Legal regulation, National project Ecology, Federal project, Recovery of the Volga, Monitoring, Sustainable development, Solutions

Abstract: The subject of the study is the theoretical foundations of customs control after the release of goods: its subject, principles and functions. The authors analyze the definitions of the concept of "customs control after the release of goods" existing in science and in legislation. Special attention is paid to the relevance of the application of this type of customs control at the present time due to the increased risk of violation of the customs legislation of the EAEU and the legislation of the Russian Federation on customs regulation in connection with the shortening of the release period of goods and a decrease in control measures carried out at border checkpoints. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of the theoretical aspects of customs control after the release of goods, as well as the formation of a holistic view of this type of customs control by formulating the concept and supplementing the system of principles of the legal rules under study. The authors used general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, induction and others. In particular, the methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to summarize the conclusions of various scientific approaches to the proposed topic, as well as formulate specific conclusions. The study defines: "customs control after the release of goods", "administrative and legal regulation of customs control after the release of goods". It is proposed to include a new principle in the system of principles of this type of customs control, reflecting current trends in interaction between customs authorities and foreign trade participants, aimed at respecting the public interests of customs authorities, as well as the private interests of persons moving goods across the customs border of the EAEU, as well as encouraging their conscientious behavior - the principle of reciprocity. Reciprocity in the implementation of customs control after the release of goods allows customs authorities to effectively carry out verification measures shifted to the stage after the release of goods. Participants in foreign economic activity, in turn, this allows them to speed up customs operations before the release of goods.

Keywords: simplification of foreign trade, principles of control, principle of reciprocity, release of goods, customs check, customs operations, subsequent control, control functions, customs control, customs law

Abstract: The subject of the study is the norms of law governing the legal status of customs authorities in the implementation of customs control after the release of goods. The purpose of the work is to analyze the legal status of subjects of customs control, identify and resolve problematic aspects that arise during customs control after the release of goods. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that customs control after the release of goods allows to ease administrative pressure on persons moving goods across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union at the stage of customs operations before the release of goods, and also helps to ensure a balance between the application by customs authorities of customs facilitation procedures and procedures for monitoring compliance with the customs legislation of the EAEU and the legislation of the Russian Federation Of the Russian Federation on customs regulation. A set of general scientific methods of cognition was used: analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, induction. The most important role was played by special legal methods. In particular, the authors actively used the formal legal method, which made it possible to analyze and interpret the norms of current legislation. The logical method, the method of system-structural analysis, and the comparative legal method were also used. As a result of the scientific research, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The orientation of the activities of customs authorities is established to maintain a balance of public and private interests, to stimulate the conscientious behavior of participants in foreign economic activity. Customs control is becoming not only a control tool, but also a tool for preventing violations of customs legislation. 2. The absence of the concept of "customs audit" in the legislation of the EAEU, which contradicts international legislation (the Kyoto Convention) and national legislation (Strategy 2030). It is necessary to regulate the customs audit, but the question remains which category it belongs to. Based on the concept of customs control, customs audit cannot be attributed to either forms or measures of customs control, therefore, it seems possible to propose introducing into customs activities a new legal entity that is a subject of activity in the field of customs affairs, included in the register of customs authorities, performing customs audit, i.e. providing a service to assess the activities of participants in foreign economic activity compliance with customs legislation The EAEU. The relevant articles regulating the legal status of the customs auditor should be included in Section VIII of the EAEU Customs Code "Activities in the field of customs affairs. An authorized economic operator."

Keywords: customs law, subjects of law, legal incentive, risk, law enforcement function, fiscal function, customs check, Customs, customs audit, customs control

Abstract: The subject of the study is the current system of remuneration for teaching staff in public universities. The analysis of the legal norms on the basis of which remuneration is carried out, including for these employees, provides examples of the implementation of these norms, which in some cases lead to corruption. Regarding the indicators and criteria for evaluating the work of the teaching staff, which do not correspond to the essence of scientific work and do not give real assessments in teaching, the statements of scientists and specialists are quoted, with which the author of the article agrees. The system of remuneration of teaching staff in the USSR is considered. The work uses general scientific methods, including the analysis of legislation on the stated topic, the study of emerging phenomena, and their interpretation. The author came to the conclusion that a system of remuneration for teaching staff has been created at the state level, which does not reflect the contribution of scientists and university professors to the development of the country in the field of education, which nullifies all the efforts of those who are trying to provide training at a high professional level. At the same time, this system generates violations on the part of the organizers of the educational process related to the appropriation of unpaid funds by the teacher, that is, prerequisites for corruption are created. To eliminate these problems, it is proposed to introduce fixed high salaries for the teaching staff (about twice as high as the national average salary) at all state universities, following the example of how it was done in the Soviet Union, eliminating various kinds of allowances and surcharges, the payment of which depends on the subjective opinions of managers and on mechanical indicators.

Keywords: corruption, abuse of office, salary, lecturer, professor, remuneration, remuneration system, academic staff, The Labor Code of Russia, Constitution of the Russian Federation