Abstract: The subject of the study is a set of measures taken by the government of the Russian Empire under Alexander II and aimed at resolving national conflicts and contradictions through the prism of religion. The author also considered the influence of foreign policy and regional factors. The purpose of the study is to characterize the correlation of the confessional factors in the politics of Alexander II. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the general situation of the Gentiles in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century; to consider the main confessional conflicts and their features in the country; to determine the influence of the foreign policy factor on the national policy of Alexander II; to characterize the relationship between the decline of the Orthodox Church and the change in government policy towards gentiles. A systematic research method was applied in the research, taking into account the use of various religious, political and social factors in forming conclusions. The principle of historicism was also applied in the research, taking into account its development in the context of time. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the government of the Russian Empire was unable to develop a consistent policy towards non-believers. Wanting to stop national and religious conflicts, it rushed from one extreme to the other, eventually settling on strict regulation of the activities of non-believers, cutting off contacts with their religious centers and adopting a course of personal loyalty to the emperor of the Russian Empire. So gradually the religious aspect in the life of the country gradually faded into the background, both for the Orthodox and for the Gentiles themselves. The novelty of the research lies in the consideration of more factors and problems than in previous works on this topic. The research materials can be used in textbooks and further research on the confessional and national policy of the Russian Empire.