Abstract: The article is devoted to the issue of the specifics of understanding design in different regions. In a narrow sense, design is a product of modernist culture, and its origins can be traced back to the European rationality of the Enlightenment. However, by today, the understanding of design has greatly expanded, and different regions of the world offer different understanding of design, contributing to the "science" of design. The purpose of the article is to identify similarities and differences in the understanding of design in Japan and the Nordic countries based on the analysis of the modern trend in environmental design "japandi", which involves a blending of Scandinavian (Nordic) and Japanese design traditions. Although "japandi" is a trend of the 2020s, it should be noted that the influence of Japanese design on Nordic design can be traced back to the middle of the twentieth century. The study is based on a comparative method, offering a comparison of different design models in the context of geographical, historical, cultural and socio-economic characteristics of the regions. Following N. Skou and A. Munch, the authors analyze the Nordic design using the keywords: "north", "nature", "models" [of welfare] and "minimalism". The authors conclude that the specifics of Nordic design as a whole are based on the idea of the balance of nature and culture, functionalism and pop culture, it is socially oriented and, as a result, simple, but not strict in its commitment to simplicity. This makes it accessible and understandable to everyone. At the same time, the design here is a "way of life".
Continuing the logic of keywords, the authors conclude that the main ones for Japanese design are: "tradition", "nature", "minimalism" and "care". In Japanese design, the creation of the new takes place by embedding in the old. Its minimalism is due not only to the influence of Buddhism or traditional aesthetics, in particular the simplicity of "wabi", but also to "Westernization" in general. Also, "Japanese minimalism" is associated with caring for other people, it is "contemplative", which is facilitated by the traditional connection with nature and the aesthetics of "sabi" scuffs. Although design in both regions strives for peace, harmony with nature and simplicity of forms, in general Japanese design is "contemplative", and Nordic design is "cozy" ("hygge"). Thus "japandi" is a Western trend offering a "cozy" Japan "for everyone."

Abstract: The theme of the "spirit of place" has long been popular in modern architecture and environmental design, which was developed by the Norwegian architect Christian Norberg-Schultz in the 1970s and 1980s. This idea turned out to be close to Chinese designers, especially those of them who inherited the ideas of the literati (wenren), and through the prism of Western ideas they took a new look at their own tradition. The purpose of the study is to identify some characteristic features of modern Chinese design culture associated with the influence of the literati on it. We believe that this specificity is largely related to the poetics of memories, the understanding of space as a series of images transforming and flowing into each other, "metamorphoses of being." The object of research is the products of the artistic and design culture of the literati and designers rethinking their tradition. In the course of researching the traditional aesthetics of literati, we rely on the works of the Russian sinologist V. V. Malyavin, as well as on Chinese and Japanese authors. Speaking of the modern version of this aesthetic, we turn to the texts and projects of architect Wang Shu, designer Song Tao, photographer Sun Jun, etc. Initially, wenren is a man of high moral qualities, then a scientist and an official. Traditionally, the life of the literati is solitude and even hermitage, hence the theme of memories in their work. In addition, this is "amateurism", an unprofessional passion for the "elegant" – painting, music, etc. Aesthetically, it is an elegant, but unassuming beauty of the "ya". The tradition of "hidden meanings" and "pure offers" is also associated with the literati culture.
Influenced to a large extent by the culture of the literati, many Chinese designers of the twentieth century turned to the poetics of memories and even the theme of nostalgia, interpreting space as a series of transforming images where the present is intertwined with the past, and the natural with what is made by human hands. The traditional concept of a "garden house" is certainly felt today, when the interior space is likened to a relief, and the relief is thought of as a dwelling.

Abstract: The research is devoted to the issue of changing the understanding of design and its current state. Although design originated in the West, today the East is beginning to play an increasingly important role in its development. As a product of modernist culture, design initially followed the principle of "form follows function", but after a "semantic turn" it began to be understood as meaning-making, and form followed meaning. However, today the understanding of meanings only through the prism of "language" has exhausted itself, the understanding today is that design not only intellectually generated meanings, but also senses–sensations, therefore Western design theorists and practitioners began to look for alternative ways of developing design, which turned out to be consonant with the path that is being followed in the East today. The purpose of the article is to summarize some of the results of the alternative "linguistic" understanding of design in the West and in the East. The subject of the study is the change in the ways of meaning formation in modern design. Research methods used in the article are:
- methods of synchronous and asynchronous analysis, that allowed us to analyze transformations in the understanding of design, both historical and regional;
- the method of generalization, including comparative analysis, allows to understand the difference in approaches to design and shaping in different regions. The article presents modern design as a multicultural process, where different regions contribute to the general "theory" of design. However, the current eastern way of design is heterogeneous. Here we can highlight the Japanese vision of design – the "meditative approach", which involves reflection of sensations, reliance on personal experience, as well as the Chinese vision of design that is just taking shape today. We see China's potential contribution to the development of design in the inclusion of "embodied mind" in the design process, when the correctness of the chosen solution is determined not only by speculative calculations, but "resonates" with the feelings of the designer and the customer, as well as in the concept of "living form", when not only compositional or functional connections between elements are seen, but also the coherence of their movements. The Chinese approach can be called "vitalizing".

Abstract: In her research Tretyakova compares two similar yet different aesthetic categories that have got widespread use in the culture of consumption: Western brave Glamour and Japanese grotesque Kawaii. The aim of the research is to outline differences in these categories that are caused by their regional specifics. Such comparative analysis allows to define national specifics of Russian design in terms of the culture of consumption. Aesthetics of both Glamour and Kawaii have got an advertising component: glamour is a simulacrum of beauty that presents the charm of luxury, ideal appearance, and success, and contemporary Kawaii is a simulacrum of 'cuteness' that presents the charm of love and tenderness and imperfect or immature beauty. Both aesthetics have similar functions in contemporary culture of consumption as the basis of advertising myths about attractiveness. While glamourization is more typical for the West, Japan is more appealing to Kawaii. This is caused by cross-cultural differences. The research is based on the analysis of a famous essay In Praise of Shadows written by a Japanese writer Jun'ichiro Tanizaki (1886–1965) in 1934 where he called Western aesthetics as 'aesthetics of light' and Japanese aesthetics as 'aesthetics of shadow'. Using shine and brilliance as the most important expressive means, glamour presents the Western 'aesthetics of light'. Contemporary aesthetics of Kawaii relates to the traditional Japanese 'aesthetics of shadow' and, first of all, to the category of iki that unites a challenge and submission, luxury and mildness. In aesthetics of Kawaii sumbission presents child-like proportions, faintness and etc. which can verge on challenge. 

Abstract: Although there are many researches concerning the Beauty, as known in Europe as well as Russia aesthetic categories are traditionally abstract and consequently not applicable in practical use for example in design. Therefore, the author of this research offers to find concrete categories of traditional aesthetics and then incarnate it in objects. As an example of this approach, he takes a work of Japanese philosopher Shuzo Kuki (1888–1941) “The Structure of Iki [Beauty]” and basing on it, he offers concrete incarnation of such Russian aesthetics category as Toska [Melancholy]. Using interpretation of Toska by Nikolay Berdyaev (1874–1948) the author formulates “Structure of Toska” and extends Toska to arts defining melancholic beauty of Toska in ornaments and colors. The author concludes that melancholic beauty of Toska in our culture is connected not only with the visible void but also with an ornament, which expresses our spiritual aspirations and therefore becomes an essential part of the Beauty in Russia.