Abstract: The subject of the study is financial instruments of international political influence, namely their political effectiveness and side effects for states that have decided to use them. Today, there is a growing body of empirical evidence indicating that the United States is experiencing negative consequences from the use of financial instruments in order to realize its foreign policy interests. There are scientific papers devoted to such topics and issues as positive financial instruments, reverse results and negative reactions of financial coercion. The new reality opens up additional opportunities for a number of countries, including Russia, to assert multipolarity and strengthen their role in the emerging world order. All this actualizes the political science analysis of the consequences of using financial instruments, as well as attempts to systematize the accumulated knowledge in this area. The methodological basis of the research focuses on the concept of global monetary power, competition and the concept of instrumentalization of economic interdependence, which are developing in modern political science. The methods of comparison, content analysis and classification were used, which made it possible to substantiate the concept of "political effectiveness of financial instruments" and systematize certain political and economic consequences of the use of such tools, in particular the United States. The authors conclude that the use of financial instruments by the United States has a negative impact not only on the global financial system that they support, but also on Washington's international political reputation. The United States, using financial instruments, often in a disorderly manner, encounters resistance from those against whom it turns financial pressure. Against the background of all these events, confidence in the existing global financial system is being undermined. There is an increase in the attention of individual countries to gold, the refusal of a number of states from the dollar in international settlements, as well as the deployment of the process of searching for alternatives to the existing hubs of the global financial system, which the United States is trying to use for its international political purposes. In these circumstances, Russia's task is to take advantage of the new opportunities created by the financial and political miscalculations of the United States.

Abstract: This article examines the effectiveness of economic sanctions that are being applied today by states and their associations to realize a wide range of objectives. The authors, expanding the boundaries of the functional purpose of sanctions, propose the concept of differentiating goals, which, in their opinion, simplifies the assessment of the political effectiveness of this instrument of international influence. The authors distinguish between real and declared objectives of sanctions, substantiate the role of sanctions as a means of solving their own internal political tasks and communication tools within the international system, anticipating their results with a brief overview and characterization of stages in the studies of the effectiveness of sanctions. Solving the tasks, the authors turn to the content analysis of specialized scientific literature on relevant topics, classification method, highlighting historical periods and functional properties of economic sanctions, as well as to study specific situations that support the assumptions. The authors come to the conclusion that with the help of sanctions, states can pursue not only the goal to change the behavior of another state against which they are actually directed, but also other goals, often hidden behind official statements. Such goals may include elimination of domestic political problems and the transfer of signals to other participants of the international system, acting in a particular sanction case by a third party. They emphasize that the sanctions can serve the purposes connected both directly with the sanction and with the actual authorizing state, as well as with the goals concerning the international system as a whole, thereby marking new directions for research in the context of modern political science.

Abstract: The subject of this study is effectiveness of traditional financial sanctions which, along with the arms embargo and travel ban, are considered the main type of targeted sanctions that, unlike the comprehensive sanctions, have a selective effect. One group of scientists views financial sanctions as a promising means of international influence which has already demonstrated its effectiveness, whereas the other one considers them a measure that has extremely scattered effect. In the context of this dispute, identification and systematization of the problems accompanying the application of financial sanctions should become an urgent task. To achieve this objective, the author refers to the content analysis of specialized scientific literature on the economic instruments of political influence, to comparing the consequences of comprehensive and targeted sanctions, as well as to a study of specific situations that confirm the basic assumptions. The author came to the conclusion that conventional financial sanctions (despite their widespread application in international practice) can not be regarded as an effective instrument of influence, especially given further multilateral globalization of the world. This conclusion is derived from the fact that they give rise to problems of implementation, evasion and side effect. That is why today the leading actors of world politics are trying to expand the list of financial sanctions including measures that require activity in cyberspace.