Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems of the development of European legislation on public control. The authors explore the current state and stages of development of European legislation, which forms the basis of public control in the European Union. It is noted that the term "public control" is generally unfamiliar with the legal terminology of both European legislation and the legislation of countries that are members of the European Union. The terminology uses the terms "transparency" and "participation". At the same time, transparency refers to the accessibility and openness of both the authorities of the European Union and the member states. And participation should be understood as the ability of civil society institutions to participate in decision-making of the European Union, to interact with its institutions, for example, through dialogue through civil society organizations of which they are members.  The work uses a number of methods of scientific cognition, in particular: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The paper identifies, formalizes and investigates the main problems that hinder the development of the institution of public control in the European Union, in particular, the lack of at the level of the European Union, a single codified act of the constitutional level; the lack of consolidation in European legislation of a direct indication of the right of institutions (subjects) of civil society to exercise control over the European bureaucracy and public authorities of national states members of the European Union, as well as other entities exercising certain public powers on the territory of the European Union (for example, European non-governmental organizations); the lack of the legal doctrine of civil society and its control of comprehensive studies devoted to the analysis of forms, methods, principles, types and forms of activities of the above-mentioned control of civil society; in civil society entities a set of real powers to control the European bureaucracy; consolidation in European legislation of a system of measures of criminal liability of officials of the European bureaucracy for ignoring the requirements of civil society institutions or obstructing their legitimate activities; specialized subjects of the above-mentioned control of civil society.

Keywords: public control, European legislation, problems, prospects, rights, freedoms, trade unions, transparency, participation, European Union

Abstract: The author analyzes modern international legal regulation of cyberbullying and its impact on the protection of children's rights. The study's relevance arises from the growing prevalence of cyberbullying, especially among children, and its intensification during hybrid armed conflicts. This phenomenon necessitates a thorough examination of the current international legal framework to identify its strengths and weaknesses in protecting children’s rights in the digital space. The object of the study is the international legal framework regulating cyberbullying and children’s rights. The subject is the norms of international law governing public relations in the protection of minors from online bullying. The study aims to critically evaluate the effectiveness of existing international treaties, conventions, and declarations in combating cyberbullying and protecting children from online violence. The research employs methods such as analysis, abstraction, induction, deduction, synthesis, typology, classification, systematization, and generalization. The article highlights gaps and deficiencies in international law, including its limited ability to address digital challenges such as cyberbullying in hybrid wars. It examines the legal foundations and significance of international cooperation in combating cyberbullying, emphasizing approaches by UN bodies and regional organizations in addressing emerging threats to children. Key international instruments regulating cyberbullying are analyzed, and the current state of international legal efforts is critically assessed. The article emphasizes the need to enhance international legal regulation to protect children's rights during hybrid armed conflicts. Identified shortcomings in existing norms underline the necessity of unified approaches, improved cooperation mechanisms, and the development of international standards to address cyberbullying effectively. Prospects for advancing international law in this area are outlined, focusing on addressing gaps to strengthen child protection in the digital era.

Keywords: armed conflicts, hybrid warfare, protection of children's rights, Internet, cyberbullying, international law, international acts, international legal regulation, international organizations, international cooperation

Abstract: International treaties throughout the history have always played a key role in regulating relations between states. However, the constant development of international law and the changing conjuncture of international relations have led to both the conclusion and withdrawal from international treaties. The doctrine of international law, including the history of international law and the law of treaties, focuses more on the procedures of signing, conclusion and entry into force of international treaties, while the issues of termination of international treaties have less attention from international legal scholars. The relevance of the topic of denunciation of international treaties is due to both the difficulties arising in the exercise of the right to denunciation and the need for a detailed international legal regulation of this process. In order to identify the essential characteristics of the institution of denunciation of international treaties, the article conducts a comprehensive historical and legal analysis using the methods of comparative legal research. The novelty of this article lies in systematizing the evolution of the right to denunciation of international treaties from exogenous to endogenous character, as well as in identifying the influence of political factors on its practical implementation. For the first time, these developments are considered in the context of the fundamental principle of the law of treaty - pacta sunt servanda. It is noted that the institution of denunciation of international treaties has undergone significant evolution since ancient times. The key role in its formation was played by the London Convention of 1871 and the Vienna Convention of 1969. These documents were used to develop the periodization of the right to denunciation, which includes three stages. The existing international legal framework regulates the application of the right of denunciation in a non-exhaustive manner, resulting in a fragmented practice. Further development of this institution requires the unification of norms and mechanisms of control of the right to denunciation to prevent abuse of this right and to ensure the stability of international treaties.

Keywords: right of denunciation, the Vienna Convention, international treaty, International Law Commission, law of treaties, Peace of Westphalia, withdrawal from treaty, history of international treaties, theory of international law, practice of international treaties

Abstract: The relevance of studying the legal foundations of the organization of the protection of cultural property in the context of armed conflict is increasing against the background of recent international events, as well as the aggravation of relations between the Russia and a number of foreign states, including the Baltic states. These circumstances require not only theoretical understanding, but also practical application of the norms of international law. The object of the study is the protection of cultural heritage in the event of an armed conflict. The subject of the study is the regulation and implementation of international legal protection of cultural heritage in the event of an armed conflict. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for improving the international legal mechanism for the protection of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict, enshrined in the law of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research presented in the article is a systematic approach and a doctrinal method. The following methods were used in the research: analysis, synthesis, generalization, deduction, formal legal analysis, and others. The paper examines the legislative, institutional and practical aspects of the legal framework for the protection of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict. The main international and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating these issues are given. The author suggests possible ways to improve the national legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict and ensuring compliance with international humanitarian law. The position is argued on the need not only to inform, but also to test military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the protection of cultural property and responsibility for violations of international law (including the destruction, misappropriation and vandalism of cultural heritage). The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive approach to analyzing the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict, identifying shortcomings in existing norms and offering specific recommendations for their improvement.

Keywords: cultural values, international legal mechanisms, mechanisms for the protection, armed conflicts, international humanitarian law, Russian Federation, implementation, destruction of cultural property, responsibility of military personnel, staff awareness

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of environmental human rights as a key element of interaction between the international environmental law and human rights law. The subject of the study is the interaction of human rights and environmental interests. The theoretical foundations of the formation of environmental rights, their procedural and substantive aspects, and their enforcement in international and national legal systems are considered. Three approaches to legal enforcement of environmental human rights are discussed: implementation of existing norms, revision of international standards and adoption of new international obligations. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the current state of legal regulation of environmental rights, identify key problems of their implementation and search for optimal ways to strengthen them. To achieve this goal, the comparative legal method is used, analysing normative acts, judicial practice and international documents. Examples are given from the practice of regional bodies for the protection of human rights, as well as norms of national constitutions regulating environmental rights. The results of the work include a systematisation of environmental rights. Contemporary challenges are discussed, including the liability of business for violations of environmental rights and the role of specialised environmental courts. The novelty of the study lies in proposing a coherent approach to strengthening environmental human rights, starting with the improvement of implementation mechanisms and ending with the creation of new international obligations. It is concluded that a comprehensive approach to the protection of environmental rights is needed, including international co-operation, national legislation and business participation. The results obtained can be used for the development of international and national legal acts, as well as in the practical activities of lawyers, state bodies and civil society organisations.

Keywords: environmental human rights, healthy environment, accountability, access to justice, access to information, public participation, soft law, transnational corporations, ecology, environment