Abstract: One of the most important global problems of the XXI century is climate change. Every year, in some parts of the world, a decrease in annual precipitation and temperature is recorded, in others, on the contrary, an increase. These fluctuations can cause droughts, floods and degradation of permafrost soils. Further climate change may cause irreparable damage to traditional farming methods and adversely affect housing conditions in many regions of the globe. Thus, climate change can complicate and disrupt the established order of life and activity of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). This paper highlights a problem that has not been specifically studied before, and which concerns all hunters of the republic, the impact of climate change on hunting activities. The work is based on field materials collected by Vilyuysky and Tattinsky districts. Field materials were collected by audio, photo and video recording, in-depth interviewing and included observation during field work in the Vilyuysky and Tattinsky districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In earlier scientific works research was conducted separately on the topic of the impact of climate change on the daily life and economic activities of the Yakuts, in this work hunting activity was considered. Hunters who participated in the research adapt to the changing climate in various ways: they increase the range of hunting area, equip trips over longer distances than before, learn to re-read changes in weather conditions, manufacture and use various devices for hunting and storage. The main conclusions of the research are that climatic changes directly or indirectly affect hunting activities in the studied areas: ordinary amateur hunters note that the habitat of animals is changing, roads are being destroyed, the soil of hunting grounds is degrading, there is a danger of the spread of various diseases.

Keywords: soil degradation, thawing of permafrost, climate change, amateur hunting, traditional culture, hunting activities, hunting, Yakutia, adaptation, transformation

References:
Field materials of the author 2017, Vilyuysky district, a woman born in 1940, a pensioner.
Field materials of the author 2017, Vilyuysky district, a man born in 1949, a pensioner.
Field materials of the author 2023, Vilyuysky district, a man born in 1984, a hunter.
Field materials of the author 2023, Tattinsky district, a man born in 1994, a hunter.
Lytkin V., Suleymanov A., Vinokurova L., Grigorev S., Golomareva V., Fedorov S., Kuzmina A., Syromyatnikov I. (2021) Influence of permafrost landscapes degradation on livelihoods of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) rural communities. Land, 10-2, 1-22. doi:10.3390/land10020101. EDN OGSXAB.
Anisimov O.A. (2010). Evaluation report. The main natural and socio-economic consequences of climate change in the areas of permafrost distribution: forecast based on the synthesis of observations and modeling. Moscow: Greenpeace Council.
Wrangel, F.P. (1948). Journey along the northern shores of Siberia and the Arctic Sea. Moscow: GUSMP Publishi

Abstract: This article examines the process of changing everyday clothes in Yakutia in the late XIX – mid XX centuries on the example of a winter suit. This historical period was marked by active modernization processes in the region, which also affected the material culture of the population. The issue of adaptation of residents of the Far North to new economic conditions is relevant in this regard: how the transition from the traditional way of life to Soviet culture took place. The hypothesis of the present study is that the culture and technologies of traditional tailoring of fur and leather have been preserved in the studied period precisely because of the need for the population to self-sustain themselves with winter clothing in conditions of shortage of goods and raw materials. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the end of the existence of the traditional Yakut costume and ends in the middle of the twentieth century. To study the winter costume, photographic materials were used, which depicted samples of everyday clothes. Photos from the photo funds of the Yakut State United Museum of History and Culture of the Peoples of the North named after Em. Yaroslavsky, which includes images from both public and private collections, are considered. In addition, consultations with informants were held to supplement the data. This topic has not yet become the subject of special study, since the costume of this period is no longer ethnic. Nevertheless, in our opinion, it is interesting in the context of studying the adaptation of folk traditions to modernization processes. Using visual and field sources, the transformation of casual clothing in Yakutia of the studied period is considered. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that in the era of modernization there was a sharp change in the way of life, which affected the material culture of the inhabitants of Yakutia. Unification in the wardrobe of citizens of the Soviet state in the first half of the twentieth century could not always cover the needs of residents of specific climatic zones, including residents of the northern republics. This contributed to the preservation of traditional technologies of manual production of winter clothing.

Keywords: handmade production, winter clothes, culture, ethnos, sovietization, costume modernization, Yakutia, costume transformation, Traditional costume, USSR

References:
Seroshevsky, V.L. (1993). Yakuts: experience of ethnographic research. 2nd ed. Moscow.
Gavrilieva, R.S. (1998). Clothing of the Sakha people of the end of XVII-middle of XVIII centuries. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
Petrova, S.I. Folk costume of Yakuts: historical-ethnographic and art history research. Novosibirsk: Nauka
Yakovleva, K.M., & Prokopyeva A.N. (2019). Yakut national costume: the search for identity. Human and Culture, 4, 62-70.doi:10.25136/2409-8744.2019.4.28738
Vinichenko, I.V. (2017). Soviet fashion in the context of socio-economic and cultural life of the USSR from "thaw" to "stagnation": traditions and new realities. Omsk: OmSTU Publishing House.
Strizhenova, T.K. (1972). From the history of Soviet costume. Moscow: Soviet artist.
Shepel, O.N. (2011). Origin of the Soviet costume in the conditions of massivization of society. Yaroslavl pedagogical bulletin, 4, 292-295.
Zinovieva. L. E. (2013). Costume and identity

Abstract: For Russia as a multinational country, with a rich history and traditions, as well as a specific way of life, the topic of double faith is still relevant to this day. The subject of the study is the confessional markers of dual faith in the Mari and Udmurt cultures in modern settlements of the southern districts of the Kirov region. The aim of the work is to analyze the representation and visualization of the syncretism of paganism and Orthodoxy in the Mari and Udmurt cultures through confessional markers in the natural landscape of the southern districts of the Kirov region. The empirical basis of the research is the materials of the 2017-2023 expeditions to the Kizmez and Malmyzhsky districts of the Kirov region, where Mari and Udmurts live, who are third and fourth most numerous population of the Kirov region. Based on the methods of analyzing the features of religious and ethno-cultural interactions of these peoples and analyzing sacred objects inscribed in the natural landscape, the authors used methods of historical and cultural comparison and analysis of textual materials. New objects of the sacred natural landscape have been identified among the Mari and Udmurts, in which there is a deification of nature. It manifests itself in such confessional markers as sacred groves and fields where pagan deities, spirits of the forest were worshipped. In addition, the sacred meaning was carried by the sanctuaries of heroes and places associated with the souls of the dead, inscribed in the natural landscape of the area. The novelty of the research consists in clarifying the specifics of some rituals, supplementing information about the beliefs of the Udmurts and Mari, introducing new objects of the sacred cultural landscape into scientific circulation, which is designated as the intangible cultural heritage of the peoples of the Vyatka Region. The authors come to the conclusion that some fragments of pagan beliefs and rituals among the Mari and Udmurts still exist and are closely connected with the natural landscape and memories of places of worship, the historical memory of the people. At the same time, Orthodoxy has taken deep roots and strong roots in the hearts of these peoples. But the historical and comparative study of religious beliefs and rituals shows that the original syncretism of Orthodoxy and paganism of the Mari and Udmurts of the southern districts of the Kirov region serve as a means of ethnic identification in the formation of the sacred cultural and natural landscape.

Keywords: sanctuaries, sacred groves, natural landscape, Udmurts, Mari, syncretism, dual faith, Christianity, paganism, Kirov region

References:
Luppov, P.N. (1911). Christianity among the Votyaks at the dawn of the 19th century: a study. Vyatka: Provincial printing house.
Ostrovskaya, M. D. (1912). From the history of Vyatka foreigners. Kazan: Typo-lithography of the Imperial University.
Viskalin, A.V. (2011). About ethnocultural processes in the Middle Volga and the Kama region in the Mesolithic – Neolithic. Russian Archeology, 3, 25-32.
Vladykin V. E., Hristolyubova, L. S. (1984). History of ethnography of the Udmurts: short historical essay with bibliography. Izhevsk: Udmurtia.
Vladykin, V. E. (1994). Religious and mythological picture of the world of the Udmurts. Izhevsk: Udmurtia.
Kudryavtseva, I.K. (2017). Problems of ethnic neighborhood and religious identity of the Lower Chepetsk Udmurts (based on field research materials). Yearbook of Finno-Ugric research, 11(2), 121-132.
Kutsaeva, M. V. (2023). Orthodox-pagan syncretism in the religious life of the Mar

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to identify the main directions and reconstruct the practices of using cryogenic resources (cold, snow, ice, permafrost) and, in general, the "domestication" of cold by the Russian population of Yakutia during the mid XIX century and the twentieth century. The source base for writing the work was a set of disparate ethnographic information presented by published works and documents from the collections of the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region (Irkutsk), the Scientific Archive of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk), the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) and its St. Petersburg branch. In addition, a number of information was obtained during the author's empirical research in a number of rural settlements of Yakutia during 2017-2023. The methodological basis for the preparation of the article is the principles laid down in cryosophy, which involve the study of the cold matter of the Earth through the prism of their role as an active element of the universe, as well as in the Cryoanthropology. Within the framework of the Cryoanthropology, the formation of the traditional culture of the indigenous ethnic groups of the Arctic and Subarctic is considered through the prism of the dominance of natural cold in the region, cryogenic processes and phenomena as fundamental, environmental factors. In this regard, the article shows the practices of the exploitation of cryogenic resources by the Russian population of Yakutia in cattle and horse breeding, agriculture, in ensuring the functioning of residential and outbuildings, organization of storage and preparation of food, etc. It is noted that they had certain specifics within various groups of Russian settlers caused by specific natural and geographical features of their areas of residence, as well as characteristics of interethnic ties. In this regard, differences between, for example, the Prilensky and Arctic groups of the Russian old-timers have been recorded. The key vectors of the "domestication" of cold by the Russian population of Yakutia are highlighted.

Keywords: permafrost, ice, snow, everyday practices, economic activity, cryogenic resources, Russian population, Cryoanthropology, Yakutia, Arctic

References:
Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ARAS). F. 1577. Op. 6. D. 25.
ARAS. F. 1577. Op. 6. D. 146.
Borkhvaldt, O. V. (1998). Dictionary of gold mining of the Russian Empire. Moscow: Russian way.
Boyakova, S. I. (2012). Russian old-timers of Yakutia: culture and landscape. Arctic and North, 9, 73–80.
Vinokurova, L. I. (2021). Winter labor of women in rural Yakutia in the 1920s – 1970s. North-Eastern Humanitarian Bulletin, 4, 46-53.
Vinokurova, L. I. (2022). Manuscript by I. P. Soikkonen in the aspect of studying the winter everyday life of the Yakuts in the first third of the twentieth century. Oriental Studies, 3, 501-518.
State Archive of the Irkutsk Region. F. 293. Op. 1. D. 553.
Grigoriev, S. A. (2021). Extraction of remains of mammoth fauna and local communities of the Arctic territories of Yakutia at the end of the twentieth century. Bulletin of archeology, anthropology and ethnography, 3, 239&ndas

Abstract: The subject of research in the article is the specificity of the reflection of historical events and persons in oral poetic works. The object of the study is the legend "About the Starling and the Woodpecker" and the song "On the Mountains on the Dyatlovs". The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the artistic comprehension of the processes of development of statehood, the transformation of nationality, etc. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of contacts between neighboring peoples, influencing the formation of the historical context, in folklore works. The goals and objectives of the work determined the choice of research methods: historical and literary, descriptive, genetic, on the basis of which the analysis of the legend "About the Starling and the Woodpecker" and the song "On the Mountains on the Dyatlovs" is carried out. The scientific novelty of the study is determined for the first time by the analysis of "The Tale of the Starling and the Woodpecker" and the song "On the Mountains on the Dyatlovs" in the philosophical and sociological aspects in terms of the unification of Russians and Erzya into one people represented in them. The main conclusions were: the song and the legend unite the Russian and Erzya worlds, form a common society for them, where the co-existence of the two peoples does not have antagonism, social and moral forces directed against each other. A special contribution of the authors was the discovery that the song artistically interprets the unifying processes, idealizes them, turns them into a poetic image that is attractive to both Russians and Erzya. The unification of the Nizhny Novgorod Erzya with the Muscovite state was a mutual benefit, as the Russian Tsar also speaks of, thanking God for giving him the Erzya land. The Erzya elders also took what happened for granted, especially since it happened during their prayer to the Supreme God, who approved everything with his non-resistance.

Keywords: folklore, interethnic relations., sociology, philosophy, Erzyans, Russians, historical plot, the song, legend, historical event

References:
Abramov V.K. In the wake of time.-Saransk: Mordovian book publishing house, 1991.-300p.
Alekseev N. N. Historical links between Mordovian folklore and the folklore of the Slavic peoples // Problems of studying Finno-Ugric folklore. Saransk: Mordov. book. publishing house, 1972. S. 33-40.
Vatanina M.F. Mordovian historical songs: autoref. dis. ...candidate of philology .. sciences.-Saransk, 1968.-24 p.
Geraskin T. V., Sharonova E. A. Rus' and Mordva in folklore and historical prose. ‒ Saransk [B.i.], 2013. ‒ 328 p.
Evseviev M. E. Selected Works. T. 1. Mordovian folk songs.-Saransk: Mordov. book. Publishing House, 1961.-384 p.
Evseviev M. E. Selected Works. T. 2. Folk songs of the Mordovians.-Saransk: Mordov. book. publishing house, 1961.-528 p.
Lotman Yu. M. The structure of the artistic text. M.: Art, 1970.-386 p. // https://imwerden.de/pdf/lotman_struktura_khudozhestvennogo_teksta_1970__ocr.pdf
Maskaev A.I. Mordovian folk epic song.-Saransk: Mordov. book. publishing ho

Abstract: This article discusses some issues of hunting activity among the Yakuts on the basis of ethnographic and field materials collected in the territories of the Srednekolymsky, Olekminsky, Vilyuysky, Verkhnevilyuysky and Nyurbinsky districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Field materials were collected through included observation, in-depth interviewing, audio, photo and video fixation.
In this study, the authors were deeply interested in rural residents who are close and involved in hunting activities from an early age. The paper attempts to record the transformation of hunting activity and to present the current state of hunting among the Yakuts in the studied areas. This paper is the first attempt to comprehensively study and record the transformation in hunting activity. The study examines the ritual and ceremonial component, the tools used and methods of catching prey. The main conclusions of the work are that hunting for many is an active form of recreation, leisure, i.e. it is no longer a subsidiary farm, since it does not bring economic benefits. The findings also include the emergence of new hunting methods using modern technologies. However, it is necessary to note the preservation of some ritual or ceremonial elements of hunting, in some form the sacredness of the activity is also preserved.

Keywords: rituals, rituals, cult traditions, traditional culture, transformation, commercial game, commercial hunting, hunting activities, hunting, yakuts

References:
Thorstein Bunde Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions. Modern library, 1961. - 301 p.
Maak R.K. Vilyuysky district of the Yakutsk region. 2nd ed. M., Yana, 1994. - 592 p.
Seroshevsky V.L. Yakuts: Experience of ethnographic research. 2nd edition. M., 1993. - 736 p.
Middendorf A.F. Journey to the North and East of Siberia. CHII. - St. Petersburg, 1878. - 833 p.
Khudyakov I.A. Brief description of the Verkhoyansk district. - L., 1969. - 123-136 pp.
Yokhelson V.I. Essay on the animal industry and fur trade in the Kolyma district. - St. Petersburg, 1898. - 6-25 pp.
Shvets A.I. On the issue of predatory extermination of sables in Siberia. - Irkutsk, 1911. - 17-38 pp.
Konstantinov M.M. Fur trade and fur trade in the Yakutsk region. - Irkutsk, 1921. - 57-81 pp.
Basova E.N. Hunting among the Yakuts // Hunter. - M., 1925. - No. 1. – p. 19
Zhambalova S.G. Traditional Buryat hunting - Novosibirsk: Nauka. Sib. Department, 1991. - 175 p.
Nikolaev

Abstract: The subject of this research is the determination of sociocultural specificity of running practices within the framework of traditional games and ethnosport. Despite considerable amount of works dedicated to the traditional games and ethnosport, scholars’ attention has not been previously drawn to sociocultural peculiarities of running as the most universal form of physical activity of the amateur participant or a professional athlete, which substantiates the relevance of the selected topic. Traditional games and ethnosport perform an important mission in modern world – they impart sports and competitive activity with humanism, instilling the elements of folk culture. Running, as a universal component of sports, becomes one of the means of consolidation, demonstration, and translation of ethnic values within the framework of traditional games. The author reveals the following peculiarities of running in the sociocultural situation of traditional games and ethnosport: running as an element of military games and traditional non-militarized team games; running as an element of mating ritual; running as am entertainment; utilitarian oriented running; substitute running. The ideological foundation of running in the context of traditional games and ethnosport is a myth; the considered form of running is humanistically oriented, as it does not suggest over limit body burden and full subordination of a person to sport; running is a method of psycho-emotional relief and helps to achieve harmony with the nature; it is gender-specific and often specialized running; it ensures solidarity of a social group; a form of expressing patriotism; an important element of event tourism; a substantial component of ethnopedagogy; an element of ethnic dance; an element of children's game’ a type of economic activity inherent to a particular nation.

Keywords: folk entertainment, marriage games, war games, sociocultural approach, ethnosport, traditional games, running, ethnos, humanism, cultural identity

References:
Abdulkarimov S. A. Sport i kul'turnaya identichnost' v obshchestve: istoriya i sovremennost' // EO. – 2004. – ¹ 5. – S. 87-94.
Abdulkarimov S. A. Sportivnaya kul'tura: ot traditsii k traditsionalizmu // EO. – 2010. – ¹ 2. – S. 83-96.
Abdulkarimov S. A. Sport v prostranstve vremeni i kul'tur. – M.: Chelovek, 2017. – 207 s.
Aleksey Kylasov. URL: http://kylasov.ru/.
Bramble D., Carrier D. Running and breathing in mammals // Science. – 1983. – Vol. 219. – R. 251-256.
Bramble D., Lieberman D. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo // Nature. – 2004. – Nov 18;432(7015). – R. 345-352.
Vecherniy Saransk. Igry Tyushti. URL: http://www.vsar.ru/10459_Igry_Tyushti.
Vsevolodskiy-Gerngross V. N. Igry narodov SSSR: sbornik materialov. – M.; L.: Academia, 1933. – 563 s. URL: http://ru.ethnosport.org/files/nmdttp-tge-vsevolod-igry-sssr.pdf.
Genon R. Simvoly svyashchennoy nauki. – M.: Belovod'e, 2004. – 475 s.
Genon R. Krizis sovremennogo mira. – M.: Eksmo, 2008. – 781 s.
Gorbunov B. V. Voinskaya sostyazatel

Abstract: This article focuses on the phenomenon of Korean diaspora in Kazakhstan – a unique phenomenon in the diaspora studies. Having a racial-anthropological homogeneity with the inhabitants of Korean Peninsula, the Koreans of Kazakhstan have lost multiple ethnic traits: native language, anthroponymy, blood relationships on their historical homeland. Despite this fact, the representatives of Korean ethnos identify themselves as part of the ancient Korean culture, honor their native traditions, and state their nationality as “Korean” in the population census. An important role in conveyance of culture and spiritual values of the diaspora is played by public organizations. The Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, Association of the Koreans of Kazakhstan, State Republican Academic Korean Theater of Musical Comedy, and Korean House are the anchors that support the diaspora and contribute to preservation of historical belonging and self-consciousness. Methodological framework is comprised of historiographical analysis of the works of Korean studies scholars dedicated to the history of Korean diaspora in Central Asia, monitoring of the legislative framework of Kazakhstan and news agenda, interviews of individual representatives of the diaspora. The conducted research proves that diasporality is a more vital form of preservation of ethnocultural identity than the ethnic attribution by linguistic or anthropological principle. Living far from their historical homeland for centuries, the representatives of Koryo-Saram continue identifying themselves as Koreans. They have gone through the key stages of assimilation, integrated into the system of social relations, and consider themselves Kazakhs of Korean descent. As long as the indicated ethnocultural group acknowledges its uniqueness and difference from other ethnic groups of Kazakhstan, the diasporic self-consciousness, Korean diaspora and its institutions would exists.

Keywords: korean traditions, Kazakhstan national policy, ethnicity, diaspora, koryo saram, the Korean diaspora, the Koreans of Kazakhstan, korean culture, peoples of Kazakhstan, The Middle Asia

References:
RGASPI. Fond 17, on. 98, d. 6060, 6061, 6062, 6063, 6064, 6066, 6067, 6068, 6069, 6070, 6071, 6072, 6073, 6074, 6075, 6076, 6077, 6078, 6079, 6080, 6081, 6082.
Vlast'. Analiticheskiy internet-portal. URL: https://vlast.kz/memory/16781-deportacia-korejcev-lidia-chaj.html (data obrashcheniya: 17.11.2020).
Tsoy V. S. Sovremennaya kul'tura i byt koreytsev Kazakhstana: Avtoreferat diss. … kand. istoricheskikh nauk. – L., 1985. – 30 s.
Sentral Asia Monitor. Obshchestvenno-politicheskaya gazeta. URL: https://camonitor.kz/15060-kak-koreycam-zhivetsya-v-kazahstane.html (data obrashcheniya 19. 09. 2020).
Khan V.S., Sim Khon Eng. Koreytsy Tsentral'noy Azii: proshloe i nastoyashchee. M. 2014. – 395 c.
O tom, ka seychas zhivut i chem zanimayutsya koreytsy v Kazakhstane; URL: https://weproject.media/articles/detail/o-tom-kak-seychas-zhivut-i-chem-zanimayutsya-koreytsy-v-kazakhstane/ (Data obrashcheniya: 11.11.2020).
Pak N.S. Koreyskiy yazyk v Kazakhstane. Problemy i perspektivy. M., 2005. – 186 c.
Men D.V. Sovremennye otnosheniya kazakhstanskikh k

Abstract: This article analyzes how the young ethnic Muslims of 2nd and 3rd generations who were born in Germany, as well as Muslim students studying in Germany, spend their spare time. The author used such methods as field ethnographic observation and unstructured interview with the respondents. The pool of respondents was formed via snowball sampling. Studying the pastime of Muslim youth, the author was able to trace the degree of their integration into German society. Since multiple sociocultural needs are usually fulfilled during the spare time, examination of the leisure of youth allows determining moral and spiritual image of a person. This article is first to analyze leisure time of ethnic Muslims residing in Germany based on the field material acquired by the author, which defines the scientific novelty of this research. The conclusion is made that usually ethnic Muslims of 2nd and 3rd generations (young people without higher education) spend their spare time on the Internet, doing sport or entertaining activities. Young Muslims studying in the universities prefer intellectual leisure activities: reading, visiting museums and exhibitions. The priorities of young Muslims of the 2nd and 3rd generation resemble a slow paced level life, keeping it easy, with no ambition in getting higher education. For Muslim students or Muslims who already received higher education, the priority in pastime include spiritual and cultural development, accumulation of investments and landing a highly-skilled job with decent salary.

Keywords: the youth, muslims, leisure, priority, Muslim community, immigrants, free time, Germany, young muslims, podcast

References:
Osipov A.G. K voprosu o sotsial'no-kul'turnoy adaptatsii turetskikh immigrantov v FRG// Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. 1988. Vyp. 13, ¹ 3, Vostokovedenie.-28-29 s.
Mel'nikov I.A. Sud'ba rabochikh-immigrantov v Zapadnoy Evrope. M., 1988.-230 s.
Kireev N.G. Turetskaya diaspora na Zapade // Musul'mane na Zapade. M., 2002.-156 s.
Arkhimandrit Avgustin. Islam v Evrope. Spb., 2009.-655 s.
Adelt S. Kopftuch und Karriere. Kleidungspraktiken muslimische Frauen in Deutschland. Frankfurtam Main.,2014.-186 S.
Dantschke, Claudia (2007). Die muslimische Jugendszene. //[elektronnyy resurs]. – URL:http: //www.bpb.de/politik/extremismus/islamismus/36402/jugendorganisationen?p=all.
Primamuslima. [elektronnyy resurs]. – URL : https://www.br.de/kultur/wie-junge-muslime-den-deutschen-islam-praegen-100.html
Frietsch M. Islam in Deutschland // ARD.// [elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/religion/islam_in_deutschland/ (data obrashcheniya: 12.12.19)
Kanitz J. Das Kopftuch als Visitenkarte. Wie

Abstract: The object of this research is the publicistic documental “The Besermyan” –  the experience of unrenowned author of the turn of XIX – XX centuries Nikolai Pavlovich Steinfeld. The subject of this research is the moral and household lifestyle of the Besermyan – the indigenous people localized in the territory near Cheptsa River Basin. The author underlines that distinctness and traditional values of culture the Besermyan people have been retained until the present, this is why in the late XX century, their historical name has been restored in the register of independent peoples of Russia. The methods of historiographical analysis allow conducting critical analysis of the popular science composition of N. P. Steinfeld on the Besermyan as a written ethnographic source of the late XIX century. Assessment is conducted on the level of historical authenticity of reflection of lifestyle and habitudes of the Besermyan in prerevolutionary period. Considering current ethnographic data and practical tasks on preservation of cultural heritage of the past, the author determines the scientific-historical meaning of Steinfeld’s article as one of that provides fullest description of culture of the Besermyan in prerevolutionary scientific works.

Keywords: Besermyans, small nations of Russia, history of the Vyatka region, Glazovskiy uyezd, history of ethnography, cross-culturalcommunication, popularization of science, cultural anthropology, history of daily life, ethnographic overview

References:
Shteynfel'd N. P. Besermyane. Opyt' etnograficheskogo issledovaniya //
Kalendar' i Pamyatnaya knizhka Vyatskoy gubernii na 1895 god / Izdanie
Gubernskogo Statisticheskogo komiteta. Vyatka: Gubernskaya tipografiya, 1894. S.
220–259.
Fedotov M. Ischeznuvshaya derevnya / Ar-Sergi V. Vol'naya pesn' besermyanina. Vospominaniya o poete Mikhaile Fedotove // Literaturnaya gazeta. 2018. Vyp. 16 (6640) (18.04.2018). URL: https://lgz.ru/article/-16-6640-18-04-2018/volnaya-pesn-besermyanina/ (data obrashcheniya 11.04.2020).
Udmurtskaya respublika: istoriko-etnograficheskie ocherki / nauch. red. A. E. Zagrebin. Izhevsk : Udmurtskiy institut istorii, yazyka i literatury, 2012. S. 217.
Teplyashina T. I. Yazyk besermyan. M.: Nauka, 1970. S. 243.
Postanovlenie Soveta Ministrov UR «O vosstanovlenii istoricheskogo imeni besermyanskogo naroda» ot 29 iyulya 1992 goda ¹ 293. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090215102937/http://www.minnac.ru/cache/doc249_w2.php (data obrashcheniya 11.04.2020).
Lyukina N. M. Fonetiko-morfologicheskie osobennosti yazyka lekmi

Abstract: Currently, more and more people in the world are changing their religious identity. The study is devoted to Germans who converted to Islam, the so-called Convertites. The subject of consideration in the article is the implementation of religious practices - the use of "halal" products and the observance of fasting in the holy month of Ramadan by German converts after religious conversion. The purpose of the article is to analyze the change in food traditions and food culture among "Muslim Germans". The author pays special attention to the transformation of food habits, how the transition to a new food culture (rejection of pork and alcohol) takes place, what experiences and difficulties the convert experiences during the transition The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the question of newly converted Germans, for the first time in Russian historiography, is considered on the field material collected by the author, on the territory of Germany. The author comes to the following conclusions: With religious alternation, a convert may not perform religious practices, consume products prohibited in Islam (alcohol, pork), and not observe fasting. During religious conversion, the convertit will strictly observe all the rules prescribed in the Koran. He will observe fasting and not eat non-halal foods. A change in the food culture can be accompanied by personal experiences, be gradual or instantaneous.

Keywords: Germany, food traditions, food culture, new muslims, convertites, islam, Germans are Muslims, religious conversion, halal, muslim traditions

References:
Informant.2. Zhenshchina. 34 goda;
Informant.4. Muzhchina. 38 let;
Informant.5. Zhenshchina. 25 let;
Informant 1. Zhenshchina, 56 let;
Informant.3. Zhenshchina. 54 goda;
Ryazanova E.F. Osobennosti religioznykh praktik nemok-musul'manok v sovremennoy Germanii (na primere zemli Meklenburg-Perednyaya Pomeraniya i goroda Gamburg)//Vestnik YarGU im. P. G. Demidova. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki. 2019. ¹ 4. S. 40-43. 10-18 Lichnyy arkhiv avtora. Interv'yu. FRG. Rostok, oktyabr', 2017.
Ryazanova E.F. Faktory prinyatiya nemtsami islama. Opyt etnokonfessional'nogo issledovaniya//Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2019.¹2. S.24-27. [Elektronnyy resurs].-URL: http://www.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29045(data obrashcheniya 18.05.2019)
Isaeva V.B. Sotsial'nyy mekhanizm religioznoy konversii na primere Peterburgskoy Buddiyskoy obshchiny Karma Kag'yu.avtoreferat dis. ... kandidata sotsiologicheskikh nauk / S.-Peterb. gos. un-t. Sankt-Peterburg, 2015. 22.S.
Lyubimova A.I. Teorii religioznoy konversii i novye religioznye dvizheniya

Abstract: This article examines the questions pertaining to economic activity of the Yakuts in the conditions of climate change and “deficit of cold temperatures. Such aspects of agricultural activity as horse breeding, animal husbandry, hunting, and horticulture. An attempt is made to assess the scale of influence of changing climate upon the traditional life and industries of horse breeders, animal farmers, and hunters of the rural areas of Sakha Republic (Yakutia), as well as examine which difficulties they face and how they respond to the challenges of modernity. The acquired field materials are collected through the methods of overt observation, in-depth interview, audio, photo and video records. The attention is focused on the rural population who show concern over the situation of their households under such fast-paced circumstances: they do not know what to expect from nature next year, and many of them are not capable of handling the emerged problems. The main conclusions consist in revelation of certain problems in the life of rural population in the territories of Sakha Republic that emerge due to the climatic changes.

Keywords: Cattle breeding, Horse breeding, Transformation, Climatic changes, Traditional culture, Agriculture, The cold, Hunting, Crop production, Yakuts

References:
PMA, 2014. Polevye issledovaniya v Megino-Kangalasskom uluse (rayone) Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya). Iyun'-Iyul' 2014 g.
PMA, 2017a. Polevye issledovaniya v Vilyuyskom, Verkhnevilyuyskom i Nyurbinskom ulusakh (rayonakh) Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya). Iyul'-Avgust 2017 g.
PMA, 2017b. Polevye issledovaniya v Megino-Kangalasskom i Churapichinskom ulusakh (rayonakh) Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya). Iyun'-Iyul' 2017 g.
PMA, 2019. Polevye issledovaniya v Olekminskom i Amginskom ulusakh (rayonakh) Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya). Sentyabr' 2019 g.
Mathias Ulrich, J. Otto Habeck, Susan Crate, Aleksey R. Desyatkin, Roman V. Desyatkin, Aleksander N. Fedorov, Tetsuya Hiyama, Yoshihiro Iijima, Stanislav Ksenofontov, Csaba Mészáros, Hiroki Takakura Permafrost livelihoods: A transdisciplinary review and analysis of thermokarst-based systems of indigenous land use, Anthropocene, 2017 ¹18, 89–104 s.
Anderson D.DZh. Tundroviki. Ekologiya i samosoznanie taymyrskikh evenkov i dolgan. Novosibirsk. Izdatel'stvo SO RAN 1998. — 272 s.
Andreev N.P., Dru

Abstract: The subject of this research is traditional garments of the Evenki – an indigenous ethnic community of the North. The Evenki are widely scattered due to the nomadic lifestyle. At the same time, they preserve the sustainable ethnocultural cluster united as a single nation. The article examines winter outfitting of the Evenki, as well as analyzes the functionality of its elements, decorativeness and aesthetics. The classic winter garment consists of six parts fastened between each other with leather laces. It is meant for keeping them warm, and was created for convenience during the time of hunting or other activities. The Evenki retained and continue to develop such functional significance in their current daily activities. The clothing embroidery used to have sacred meaning and carried a specific information load that must be considered in making the modern traditional clothing. The research methodology is based on the analysis of literary sources, examination of the object of research from the perspective of historical-ethnographic value, practical implication and aesthetic value. The following conclusions were made: the functionality of garments of the nomadic peoples of the North is an important factor that requires comprehensive and systemic analysis for the purpose of its utilization in the current living conditions in Arctic region; traditional clothing of the Evenki is first and foremost meant for heat conservation and convenience during hunting and other activities; this functional significance is being preserved in the modern life activities; the décor used to carry sacred meaning, which must be taken into account in making the modern traditional garments.

Keywords: skin, hunting, decor, cold, winter clothes, traditional culture, fur, ornament, value, life

References:
Akimova V.S. Traditsionnaya odezhda narodov Severa Yakutii: problemy sokhraneniya i razvitiya: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk / V.S. Akimova; IPMNS SO RAN – M., 2001 – 19 s.
Afanas'eva E.F. Evenkiyskaya odezhda: proshloe i nastoyashchee./E.F. Afanas'eva, I. Medvedeva// Buryatskiy yazyk: voprosy yazykoznaniya i metodika prepodavaniya. – Ulan – Ude, 2004. – s. 110 – 113
Benchik Kh.A. Po vole sud'by (Traditsii, obychai i odezhda kochevykh narodov Olenekskogo ulusa)/ Kh.A. Benchik – Yakutsk: Bichik, 2006 – 96 s.
Bereltueva D.M. Khudozhestvennaya obrabotka mekha i kozhi u severnykh tunguso – man'chzhurov// Iskusstvo i obrazovanie na poroge KhKh1 v.: Sbornik nauchnykh statey po materialam mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii « Zapad – Vostok: obrazovanie i nauka na poroge KhKh1 v.»-Khabarovsk, 2001. – S. 11-14
Bereltueva D.M. Traditsionnaya evenkiyskaya odezhda: realii i perspektivy// Aktual'nye problemy issledovaniya rossiyskoy tsivilizatsii na dal'nem Vostoke.6 Godekovskie chteniya. – t.5. – Khabarovsk, KhKM im. N.I. Grodekova, 2009. – s.94-100
Bereltuev

Abstract: The object of this research is the image of mammoth in spiritual culture of the peoples inhabiting Yakutia. Mammoth fauna has always, in one or another way, affected the social, economic and even political spheres of people’s life, and of course, it left an imprint on the spiritual life in form of the myths, legends and mythical images. These representations played a substantial role in spiritual culture of the peoples of Yakutia; therefore, this article attempts to view them in the folklore of mammoth archetype as a part of ethnic culture. There is scattered data regarding the representations of different peoples on mammoth fauna. Usually, such myths are described with the entire range of folklore of a particular ethnos, and were not viewed comprehensively in the common context. The novelty of this research consists in the attempt of collection, systematization and analysis of information on the role of mammoth in folklore of the peoples of Yakutia, as well as identification of the categories of images reflecting the traditional representations on mammoths and their regional peculiarities. It is concluded, that the representations of mammoth among the peoples of Yakutia can be divided into two categories: more realistic eastern (the Ykaghir and the Chukchi), and more mythical western (the Yakut, the Even, and the Evenks). For all of the listed ethnoses, mammoth is an important and sacred animal, who has chthonic traits, but also carries the religious mediation functions.  

Keywords: Myth, Spiritual culture, Folklore, North, Legends of the mammoth, Mammoth, Arctic, Chthonic being, Shamanism, Tusk

References:
Mifologicheskie skazki i istoricheskie predaniya nganasan. Zapis' i podgotovka tekstov, vvedenie i kommentarii B.O. Dolgikh. M., Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoy literatury izdatel'stva „Nauka“, 1976. 341 s.
Middendorf, A.F. Puteshestvie na sever i vostok Sibiri. Ch. 2. Sever i vostok Sibiri v estestvenno-istoricheskom otnoshenii. Otd. 6. Korennye zhiteli Sibiri. (Okonchanie vsego sochineniya).-SPb. : izd-vo Imp. akad. nauk, 1878. S. 619-833
Marra A.Ch., Mashchenko E.N. Drevnie slony Evrazii: legendy Severa i Yuga // Priroda. M.: Iz-vo Rossiyskaya akademiya nauk, ¹ 11(1119), 2008, C. 20-27
Legendy i skazki Severa : / [sost. M.G. Nikiforova, A.D. Popova]. – Yakutsk : Bichik, 2018. 128 c.
Legenda o mamonte = A mammoth legend / [zapisana na rus. yaz. k.i.n. L.N. Zhukovoy ot I.I. Toporova ; otv. red. L.N. Zhukova ; red. Yapon. Teksta Khirokava Satoshi ; per. na yapon. Yaz. T.N. Permyakovoy, per. na angl. Yaz. E.A. Gotovtsevoy ; khudozh. V.V. Danilov]. – Yakutsk : Yakut. kray, 2008. 12 s.
Iokhel'son V.I. Materialy po izucheniyu yukagirskogo yazy

Abstract: This article raises the question of current socio-cultural processes, namely transformation of the traditional culture of Yakuts. This process captures all areas of daily life – from chores to leisure and festive activities. Practically all aspects of human life are subjected to transformation; however, the field observations demonstrated that in the Central and Western parts of Sakha Republic remains an “islet”, which is not overly affected by the transformation – the hunting. The article explores the questions regarding hunting activity of the Yakuts based on the ethnographic and field materials, accumulate in the territories of Olyokminsk, Vilyuysky, Verkhnevilyuysky and Nyurbniksky districts of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The study provides an ethnographic review of hunting methods, as well as certain rituals and pretenses associates with hunting activity in Yakutia. The authors also give characteristics to the changes in the traditional industry, as well as the attitude of modern hunters to their activity.

Keywords: cult traditions, traditional culture, transformation, game hunting, commercial hunting, hunting activity, hunting, rituals, rite, Yakuts

References:
Basharin G.P. Istoriya agrarnykh otnosheniĭ v Yakutii: agrarnye otnosheniya s drevnikh vremen do 1770-kh gg. M., 2003. T. I. 447 s.
PMA, Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Olekminskiy rayon 2019 g.
Otchet ispolnitel'nykh organov gosudarstvennoy vlasti Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya) ob itogakh deyatel'nosti za 2018 god ot 31 yanvarya 2019 g. ¹ 74-r
Sukneva S.A., Trubina A.V. Migratsionnaya tipologiya Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya) // Regional'naya ekonomika: teoriya i praktika. 2011. – ¹15. – S. 21–26.
Golovnev A.V. Fenomen kolonizatsii. – Ekaterinburg : UrO RAN, 2015. – 592 s. +12 tsv. Ill.
Sukneva S.A., Trubina A.V. Vnutriregional'naya sel'sko-gorodskaya migratsiya v respublike Sakha (Yakutiya) // Regional'naya ekonomika: teoriya i praktika. – 2009. – ¹32 – S. 139–144.
Tam zhe.
Maak R.K. Vilyuyskiy okrug Yakutskoy oblasti. 2-e izd. M., Yana, 1994. – S. 108
Nikolaev S.I. Narod sakha / Somogotto.-Yakutsk: Yakutskiy kray, 2009. – S. 124
Zhambalova S.G. Traditsionnaya okhota buryat – Novosibirsk: Nauka. Sib. Otd-nie, 1991. – 175 s.
Nikolae

Abstract: The subject of this research is the semantics of sheep head in wedding rituals of the Kalmyks. In the the traditional wedding ceremony, offerings to various patrons, ancestors and sun bestowing prosperity and good life. Rituals with throwing the sheep’s head out of chimney among the Turko-Mongol peoples were aimed at requesting abundance in life of the newly married couple, childbirth, and blessing of the dwelling. In cultural traditions it was considered that sheep has “solar” nature, possesses cleansing, protective and fruitful power. In the course of this study, the author applies the comparative and problematic approaches, as well as semiotic approach in examining separate elements of the rituals and their interpretation. The conclusion is made that the a solar symbol smeared with oil on forehead of the bride is currently correlated with the idea of “solar nature” of a sheep, its sacrificial mission in the rites of offering, rebirth and request for protection, ritual “substitution” of a human. The offering of sheep’s head with cults to the senior generation was related to the cult of ancestors and the concept of “opening” of sacred channels for achieving the ultimate connection through the ritual actions.

Keywords: symbolism of the hearth, cult of ancestors, patron, solar symbolism, ram, wedding ceremony, turkic-mongolian peoples, the double of man, kalmyk, rites of offering

References:
Tugutov E. I. Material'naya kul'tura buryat. Ulan-Ude: BKNII, 1958. 215 s.
Erdniev U. E. Pishcha i napitki kalmykov // Zapiski. Vyp. 2. Elista: KNIIYaLI, 1962. S. 215–244.
Zhukovskaya N. L. Kochevniki Mongolii: Kul'tura. Traditsii. Simvolika. M.: Vost. lit., 2002. 247 s.
Rona-Tash A. Materialy k izucheniyu mongol'skikh svadebnykh obryadov // Kratkie soobshcheniya instituta narodov Azii. Vyp. 83. M, Nauka, 1964. S. 165–171.
Lkhagvasuren I. Altayskie uryankhaytsy. Istoriko-etnograficheskie ocherki (konets XIX – nachalo XX v.). Ulan-Ude: Izd-vo BNTs SO RAN, 2013. 178 s.
Sharaeva T. I. Obryady zhiznennogo tsikla u kalmykov (XIX – nachalo XXI v.). Elista: «NPP «Dzhangar», 2011. 223 s.
Sharaeva T. I. Subprodukty v myasnom ratsione u kalmykov: traditsii okhotnikov i skotovodov // Problemy etnogeneza i etnicheskoy kul'tury tyurko-mongol'skikh narodov. Vyp. 2. Elista, 2008. S. 164–171.
Zhukovskaya N. L. Chislo v mongol'skoy kul'ture // Arkheologiya, etnografiya, antropologiya mongolov. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987. S. 241–258.
Zhitetskiy I. A. Ocher

Abstract: This article considers the Yakut traditional costume, which has attracted particular attention of the public and scholars in Sakha Republic (Yakutia) since 1990’s. For the past quarter of a century, Yakut folk costume became an object of the various experiments and reconstructions in the process of reviving national traditions. Such peculiar attitude on the traditional costume demonstrates the transformation of people’s ethnic identity, which developed under the influence of the national and regional historical events, and at this point has reached completion. The theoretical-methodological basis for this research in accordance with its interdisciplinary characters consists of the following methods: systemic, historical-typological, cultural-historical, socio-cultural, ethnographic surveying and recording of oral tradition trough in-depth interview, photo and video facts. The conducted research allowed revealing particular attitude on the folk costume, and certain hidden dispute in the society concerning of how the Yakut traditional costume should look like. This leads to an important question: how the look of the traditional costume relates to the understanding of native culture, ethnic identity and the need to show it with differentiation of the “native and foreign”.

Keywords: self-consciousness, culture, nationality, ethnicity, identity, national costume, sakha, Yakuts, national master, the search for identity

References:
Suslova S.V., Mukhamedova R.G. Narodnyy kostyum tatar Povolzh'ya i Urala (seredina XIX-nachalo KhKhvv.) Istoriko-etnograficheskiy atlas tatarskogo naroda. – Kazan': Fen, 2000. 312s.
Petrova S.I. Narodnyy kostyum yakutov: istoriko-etnograficheskoe i iskusstvovedcheskoe issledovanie. Novosibirsk : Nauka. 2013. 207 s.
Kasabova I.S. Gendernye osobennosti samopred'yavleniya devushek v mezhlichnostnom obshchenii i ikh svyaz' s vyborom odezhdy. Rossiyskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal, 2015. Tom 12. ¹4. s. 184 – 192.
Dalan. Zhizn' i sud'ba moya: Roman-esse. Yakutsk: Bichik, 2003. 334 s.
Gurova O.Yu «U vas tak yarko odevaetsya narod!»: sotsial'nye razlichiya v potreblenii odezhdy v Sankt-Peterburge i Novosibirske. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2014. ¹3. s. 52 – 70.
Golovnev A.V. Etnichnost': ustoychivost' i izmenchivost' (opyt Severa). Etnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2012.¹2, s. 3 – 12.
Amogolonova D.D. Sovremennaya buryatskaya etnosfera: Diskursy, paradigmy, sotsiokul'turnye praktiki. Ulan-Ude: Izdatel'stvo Buryatskogo gosuniversiteta, 2008. 292 s.
Ak

Abstract: The goal of this article is to determine the level of impact of the emigrant magazine “Illustrated Russia” (1924-1939) for the history of development of the world fashion industry of 1920’s – 1930’s. The author analyzes a wide range of publication from the “Illustrated Russia” dedicated to the fashion theme (articles on the male and female fashion with images; advices on selecting wardrobe, hairstyle and makeup; advertisements of clothes and accessories manufactures) through identification of correlation between the fashionable trends and social processes of that period. Particular emphasis is made on the activity of the Russian emigrants in fashion industry of the 1920’s – 1930’s and their role in development of the aesthetics of fashion in the XX century. The author comes to a conclusion that the materials of the emigrant magazine “Illustrated Russia” help restoring the retrospective picture of evolution of the global fashion industry in the 1920’s – 1930’s and contribute to studying the anthropology of fashion of the Russian diaspora of the early XX century.

Keywords: Russian Diaspora, russian style, Russian fashion Houses, print media of the Russian Diaspora, global fashion industry, Coco Chanel, history of fashion, Illustrated Russia, emigre press, fashion anthropology

References:
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1930. ¹ 1.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1925. ¹ 18.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1930. ¹ 10.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1926. ¹ 26.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1932. ¹14.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1930. ¹5.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1930. ¹8.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1930. ¹15.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1930. ¹ 18.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1930. ¹ 22.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1930. ¹ 16.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1926. ¹ 3.
Dmitriev I.E. Russkie motivy v aromatakh Chanel (1920-e gg.) // Zapakhi i zvuki kak element povsednevnoy zhizni. Materialy XL Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii. / SPb., 2016. S. 53-58.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1924. ¹ 2.
Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya. 1926. ¹7.
Barkova O. N. Iz istorii russkoy zhenskoy emigratsii vo Frantsii 1920-1930-kh gg. // Ot antichnosti do sovremennosti: sb. nauchn. st. / M., 2012. S. 23-55.
Vasil'ev A.A. Krasota v izgnanii: Tvorchestvo russkikh emigrantov pervoy volny: iskusstvo i moda. M.: Slovo, 2007. 480 s.
Illyustrirovann

Abstract: This article examines the reflection of transformation of lifestyle in everyday clothes of Barguzin Buryats. The process of formation of new daily routine provided for new type of livelihood; a new type of interaction between human and the environment. The external peculiarities of traditional clothes of the ethnos organically correlation with the internal cultural-worldview representations and constants. Changes in the external look of traditional clothes of the ethnos, in turn, characterize the level of adjustment to the external environment. An important role in formation of the traditions of manufactured clothes has played the type of natural landscape. Qualitative method of research of the traditional clothes during the period of transformation gives an idea about the origins of one or another form of separate components of clothes. The analysis of informative interview allows understanding the organization of internal structure of the ethnic community during the considered timeframe. The objects and elements of socioeconomic relations of inoethnic groups of the territory find reflection in the process of transformation of the traditional clothes; multiple elements of design and décor have been borrowed. Mechanism of transfer and functionality of the cultural traditions allowed researching the meaning of the space-time ties in the traditional ethnic apparel. As one of the key sources of the work were used the field materials related to the time of Soviet reforms in the lifestyle of Barguzin Buryats.

Keywords: economic-cultural type, Barguzin Baikal region, Buryats, transformation, traditional costume, cultural traditions, traditional way of life, life support, adaptation, landscape

References:
Tsydypov Senge Aranzaevich., 1946 g.r., obrazovanie-vysshee, omog – Basay Shono. s. Kurumkan Kurumkanskogo rayona Respubliki Buryatiya. Zapisano – iyun', 2008 g
Tubchinova Ochirma Bal'zhanovna, 1927 g.r. Obrazovanie-4 klassa, omog-Ongor Galzuud. s. Garga Kurumkanskogo rayona Respubliki Buryatiya. Zapisano – iyun', 2008 g.
Sodnompilova M.M. Kategorii prostranstva i osnovoobrazuyushchie komponenty kul'tury zhizneobespecheniya. Traditsionnyy kostyum mongol'skikh narodov // Vestnik BGU. Seriya Vostokovedenie. – 2011. – Vyp. 8. – S.210-215.
Sanzheeva L.V. Traditsionnaya odezhda kak element etnicheskoy kul'tury buryat: Problemy issledovaniya: Monografiya. Ulan-Ude: Izdatel'sko-poligraficheskiy kompleks VSGAKI, 2002. 113 s.
Sambueva S. B. Simvolika traditsionnogo buryatskogo zhenskogo kostyuma.-Ulan-Ude: Izdatel'stvo Bur. Gos. universiteta, 2004.-92 s.
Norboeva T.B. Etnicheskiy kostyum buryat: traditsii i sovremennost' // Oykumena. 2013. ¹ 1. S. 108-112.
Rinchinova Raisa Erkhituevna, 1937 g.r. Obrazovanie-2 klassa, omog-Bobloy Bayanday. s. A

Abstract: The subject of this article is the symbolic exchange in its connection with “death” and mystery of gift. The author thoroughly examines such aspects of the topic as archaic equivalence of the value and sacred object of the exchangeable females. Special attention is given to the primary nature of sacrifice that is not the subject of exchange (with gods, dead, etc.), but inspires the “state of enthusiasm” and justifies the (secondary) value of exchangeable things (value). Sacrificial offering on one hand, and exogamy on the other, if meticulously reconstructed, allows re-creating the gift-exchange logic – a substrate of human subjectivity, realized by the inter-communal relationship. The method of this research is associated with the analysis and historical reconstruction of the gift, sacrifice, and symbolic exchange. Its logical counterpoint lies in criticism of the existing interpretations. The scientific novelty consists in proof of the fact that the act of exchange “generates the surplus value”, transforming the object (women) from the given into impersonal and generalized “consumer product” as the primary prototype of “commodity”, in which the common property – usefulness – dominates over the singular specificity. Without having understood of the initial profit of exchange, it is impossible to understand the development of its forms.

Keywords: inter-communal relations, death, exogamy, initiation, community, victim, gift, Exchange, goods, surplus value

References:
Levi-Stros K. Totemizm segodnya. Nepriruchennaya mysl'. — M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2008. s. 60-61
Spektor D.M. «Evolyutsiya: popytka pozitivno-ontologicheskoy interpretatsii». // Filosofiya i kul'tura. – 2015. ¹ 3. S. 26.
Semenov Yu.I. Proiskhozhdenie braka i sem'i. – M.: Mysl', 1974. s. 149.
Deskola F. Po tu storonu prirody i kul'tury. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2012. s. 412-413 .
Zolotarev A. M. Rodovoy stroy i pervobytnaya mifologiya. M., Nauka, 1964. s. 54, s. 73 .
Arkhaicheskiy ritual v fol'klornykh i ranneliteraturnykh pamyatnikakh. M., Nauka, Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoy literatury izdatel'stva , 1988. s. 16 .
Salinz M. Ekonomika kamennogo veka. — M.: OGI, 1999. s. 157.
Polan'i K. Izbrannye raboty. M., «Territoriya budushchego», 2010. s. 26.
Godel'e M. Zagadka dara. — M.: Vost. literatura, 2007. s. 13, s. 25-26, s. 25, s. 41, s. 47-48, s. 48, s. 56, s. 58-59, s. 62, s. 86, s. 87, s. 88, s. 91, s. 91-92, s. 111, s. 133, s. 137 .
Shrader Kh. Ekonomicheskaya antropologiya. — SPb.: «Peterburgskoe Vost

Abstract: The Subject of research is the study of historical and cultural phenomenon of the Russian North. The Russian North is a unique historical and cultural region of Russia. The history, particular social conditions, isolation from the Central Russia, which contributed to the preservation of arts and crafts, gave it special features. However Northern conditions contributed to the initiative, persistence, widespread literacy, which led to the fact that the North did not become a living ethnographic Museum, and remains a modern, highly urbanized Russian region in which not only preserved but also developed many kinds of folk art. The following methodological approaches are used in the paper: cultural and anthropological, historical and cultural. The main research methods are specifically historical, dialectical, comparative analysis. The main conclusions of the research are: the explanation of the phenomenon of the Russian North by the presence of the geographic remoteness of the region from the Central Russia; the absence of serfdom in the history of the North; the predominance of old believers among the population in the past; late industrialization and urbanization of the Russian North. All the factors favoured the creation of a unique cultural space, in which different Russian Northern folk arts and crafts (Kholmogory bone carving, Severodvinsk painting on wood, Vologda lace-making, Veliky Ustyug blackening of silver and more) received the development, in the Russian North. Majority types of folk art in the North continue to evolve in the XXI century. The study materials can be used in the development of training courses on Russian History of Art and also Ethnology in educational institutions of professional education.

Keywords: national art crafts, Old Believers, Pomors, northern agriculture, Pomorie, Zavolochye, Choodie, Ushkuyniki, Higher vocational education, northern waterway

References:
Russkaya tsivilizatsiya. vse o Rossii na odnom portale [Elektronnyy resurs]; . Rol' zhemchuga v russkikh yuvelirnykh ukrasheniya – rezhim dostupa: http://www.antiq.info/jewelry_gold_silver/2191.html
Spasskiy K. Russkaya zemlya. Oblast' kraynego severa. T I.//Izdatel': Tipo-litografiya M.P. Frolovoy. S.-Peterburg, 1899 g.,-420s.
Russkiy Sever. Etnicheskaya istoriya i narodnaya kul'tura XII-XX veka. M, Nauka, 2004,-848s.
Solov'ev S. M. Istoriya Rossii s drevneyshikh vremen. M., Mysl', 1988, kn.1, t.1,-797s.
Ocherk kustarnykh promyslov po izdeliyam, sobrannykh vologodskim gubernskim zemstvom. Vologda, Tipogr. Vologod. Gubern. Pravleniya, 1882 ,-27 s.
Narody Evropeyskoy chasti SSSR. T. I / Pod red. V.A. Aleksandrova (i dr.). — M.: Nauka, 1964. — 984 s.; il. — (Narody mira. Etnograficheskie ocherki / Pod obshch. red. S.P. Tolstova).
Mil'chik M.I. Po beregam Pinegi i Mezeni. L., Iskusstvo, 1971.-161s.
Kizilov Yu. A. Zemli i narody Rossii v XIII-XV vv. M, Vysshaya shkola, 1984,-160s.
Luk'yanov V. S. Tragicheskoe Zaonezh'e. Petrozavo

Abstract: The article iis focused on the history of development, as well as theoretical and methodological bases of anthropology of visual communication on the example of S. Worth and J. Adair's works. Relations between cinema technologies and methods of cultural anthropology of the second half of the XX century are analysed. Various aspects of ethnographic filming are considered. Transformations of theoretical and methodological attitudes of anthropologists at differents stages of development of discipline are analyzed. Some concepts of visual anthropology, first of all - concepts of biodocumentary and indigenny cinema are considered in details. Some approaches of philosophy and methodology of science, phenomenology, and methods of the source studies relating to analysis of audiovisual documents are used. The main contribution of the author is finding out the ways of understanding by anthropologists of what the film is and what its functions are. It was found that both considered researcher, S. Worth and J. Adair, dealt with basic issues of the nature of visual means (media) and a role of visual images in forming and structuring reality. Their ideas shaped the basis for the theory of ethnographic semiotics and development of anthropology of visual communication - the direction which determines development of the visual anthropological theory and practice today.

Keywords: film, visual anthropology, ethnographic semiotics, anthropology of visual communication, bio-documentary cinema, indigenous cinema, ethnographic cinema, motion picture camera, field research, cultural anthropology

References:
Pink S. Doing Visual Ethnography // London: Sage Publications, 2006.
MacDougall D. Beyond the Observation Cinema // Principles of Visual Anthropology, Edited Paul Hocking, Third edition, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 2003.
Gross L. Introduction: Sol Worth and the Study of Visual Communication // Studies in Visual Communication , 6:3 (1980): pp. 2-19.
De Brigard E. The History of Ethnographic Film // Principles of Visual Anthropology, Edited Paul Hockings, Third edition, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 2003.
Barbash, I. and Taylor L. Cross-cultural Filmmaking: A Handbook for Making Documentary and Ethnographic Films and Videos. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
Khayder K. Etnograficheskoe kino // M.: TEIS, 2000.-166 c.
Banks M. and Ruby J. (eds). Made to be Seen: Perspectives on the History of Visual Anthropology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
Rokityanskiy V.R. Vizual'naya antropologiya: chastnoe rassledovanie // M.: MGU, TEIS, 2000.-61 c.
Gurevich P.S.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the contents and the form of keeping and transmitting the cultural heritage of the small indigenous groups of Krasnoyarsk Krai (the Evenkis, the Nganasan, the Chulyms).The author performed ethnographic studies in the areas of the Chulyms’ compact settlement in the village of Pasechnok, Tjukhtetski Region, Krasnoyarsk Krai. Vectors of the changes in the cultural space of the small indigenous groups in the conditions of globalization and reindustrialisation of the Russian Federation Nothern Territories are represented on the basis of the present-day cultural practices and their reflection in the scientific literature.  The site studies methods, modeling of social types (M. Weber) were used. The conceptual analysis of the notion “cultural heritage” had a great meaning as well as the critical revision of scientific texts on the topic of the cultural heritage of the small indigenous groups of the North, Siberia and the Far East. It is proved that the post-Soviet methods of keeping the cultural heritage of the small indigenous groups of Krasnoyarsk Krai comes, mostly, to making it a part of museum exhibitions, assigning the cultural symbols of shamanism by the cultural group. In connection with this a special cultural phenomenon of neoshamanism has appeared which is rather a representation of postmodernist cultural practices than that of the premodernist. We may observe the difference between the vectors of a real social economic and cultural situation of the small indigenous groups of Krasnoyarsk Krai. These differences between the vectors are connected with the processes of modernization and reindustrialization of the Siberian regions of the Russian Frderation. The differences are also observed in the cultural practices connected with the ethnic identity (where the exotic peculiarities of the small indigenous groups of the Siberia can be seen). Solution of this contradiction is bind to the virtualization of the cultural space of the Nothern peoples and to the rules and regulations mechanisms that regulate the usage of cultural signs and symbols of the Nothern nations.

Keywords: Cultural ctudies, enthnology, the North, small indigenous groups, the Evenkis, the Chulyms, the Nganasans, the Siberian Federal University, site studies, cultural heritage

References:
Poddubikov, V.V. (2012). Korennye narody na puti ustoychivogo razvitiya: traditsionnoe prirodopol'zovanie i problemy sokhraneniya prirodno-kul'turnogo naslediya (opyt Altae-Sayanskogo ekoregiona). Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsial'nykh problem, (3), 55.
Popov A.A. Nganasany: Sotsial'noe ustroystvo i verovaniya. – L.: Nauka, 1984. – 151 s.;
Popova, G.S. (2013). Etnokul'turnaya identifikatsiya v usloviyakh sovremennogo sotsiuma. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsial'nykh problem, (2/22), 40. Predmety shamanskogo kul'ta korennykh narodov Taymyra: katalog kollektsii. – Dudinka, 2008. – 42 s.;
Reznikova K.V. Sokhranenie i transformatsiya nekotorykh aspektov traditsionnogo obraza zhizni korennykh i malochislennykh narodov Severa, prozhivayushchikh v naselennykh punktakh (poselkakh) Farkovoy i Turukhansk / Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal'nogo universiteta. – Gumanitarnye nauki. – 2013. – T.6. – ¹ 6. – S. 925-939.
Reznikova, K.V. Sotsial'noe konstruirovanie obshchenatsional'noy identichnosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: avtoreferat dis. ... kandidata filosofskikh nauk

Abstract: Object of research is to study processes of ethnic and cultural identification and self-identification, the characteristic North for indigenous people and Siberia, living in the Republic of Buryatia. The problem of research specific Post-Soviet the practician of preservation of a unique cultural heritage of the indigenous small people is put. Legal mechanisms, information cultural practicians, art cultural practicians are considered. It is suggested that modern practicians of preservation of ethnocultural identity of indigenous people of the North and Siberia are genetically connected with the Soviet cultural policy. Still key role belongs to state regulation which is carried out not so much by means of law-making, how many by means of activity of executive bodies of the power in subjects of the Russian Federation. The main method - field researches in places of compact accommodation of the indigenous small people of the North, Siberia and the Far East under the leadership of the author in 2010-2013. As important methods poll and questioning, processing of results of questioning, focus group, expert interviews act. As a result of the conducted research the following conclusions, the contents elements of scientific novelty were drawn:1 . In the Republic of Buryatia of a measure of the state support of ethnocultural identichnost of the indigenous small people by means of legal mechanisms carry "secondary" character in relation to the federal legislation. The republic has no own unique regional legislation connected with preservation of a unique cultural heritage of indigenous people, measures of the state support of the native languages of these people. However this situation means that support of processes of ethnocultural identity of the indigenous small people in this subject of the Russian Federation is carried out by means of other mechanisms, which, probably, not especially íóæäàþò in special legal guarantees.
2 . For a state policy on support of ethnocultural identity of the indigenous small people in the Republic of Buryatia the specific Post-Soviet practicians connected by are characteristic that the executive body of the government – the Ministry of Culture – assumes the organization, coordinating, the budgetary financing of a number of the actions which sources of carrying out root in the Soviet cultural policy. These are calendar national holidays, support of national creativity, amateur performances. It is difficult to tell what would be processes of ethnocultural identity without these active actions of the state. It is possible to assume that assimilation processes which are fixed by demographers, would be much more intensive, than now.3 . The state language policy in the Republic of Buryatia in relation to the native languages of indigenous people is also connected not with law-making, and with support existing pedagogical and information the practician on teaching of the native languages at schools, and also on functioning of information resources in the Evenki language. The Soyot language is in more difficult situation, than Evenki. It is obvious that the cultural heritage of Soyots needs more intensive state protection, than now.

Keywords: ethnology, cultural research, North, Siberia, indigenous peoples, Republic of Buryatia, the Evenkis, Soyots, cultural practices, state cultural policy

References:
Kuropyatnik Marina Stepanovna. Korennye narody v protsesse sotsiokul'turnykh izmeneniy : dis. ... d-ra sotsiol. nauk : 22.00.06 – SPb., 2006.– 360 s.
Kharyuchi S.N. Pravovye problemy korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa Rossii. — M.: Yuniti-Dana, 2009. — 272 s.;
Kharyuchi S.N., Filant K.G., Antonov I.Yu. Sotsial'nye normy korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa Rossii. Obryady, obychai, ritualy, traditsii, mify, normy morali, normy prava. — M.: Yuniti-Dana, 2009. — 280 s
Luzan V.S. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya sotsiokul'turnogo razvitiya korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka v usloviyakh global'nykh transformatsiy / Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal'nogo universiteta. – Gumanitarnye nauki. – 2011. – T.4. – ¹
– S. 678-687. 5. Koptseva N.P. K voprosu o sokhranenii i vosproizvodstve traditsionnoy kul'tury korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka v Sibirskom federal'nom okruge / NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki – 2013. – ¹ 12. – S.1-16;
Koptseva N.P., Nozdrenko E.A. Etnopedag

Abstract: The article is built on the thematic-rhematic analysis of Polish, Russian and Belarusian proverbs about poverty and wealth. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of Polish, Russian and Belarusian mentalities. The results of the given research show similarities in understanding of poverty and wealth in three cultures. The attitudes towards poverty and wealth are ambivalent in traditional and contemporary societies. In all cultures analysed we found both dispraise and praise of poverty and wealth.

Keywords: cultural research, social studies, Polish culture, Belarusian culture, Russian culture, poverty, wealth, inequality, proverbs, mentality

References:
Bagautdinova G. A. Aksiologicheskiy plyuralizm kak proyavlenie svobody yazykovogo povedeniya. Kazanskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet. 2004-2012 Russisches Haus der Wissenschaft und Kultur // URL: http://www.russisches-haus.de/artikelansicht.php?aid=42&lang=de (data obrashcheniya: 15.10.2012).
Bednasts'. Zhabratstva. Bagatstva. Satsyyal'na-maemasnaya nyaro¢nasts' // Prykazk³ ³ pryma¢k³ ¢ dzvyukh kn³gakh, kn. 1. Red. A. S. Fyados³k. Mn., 1976.
Belarusk³ya prykazk³, pryma¢k³, frazealag³zmy/Sklad. F. Yanko¢sk³; Pradm. D. Ya. Bugaeva. // Satsyyal'naya nyaro¢nasts' ³ nespravyadl³vasts' u m³nulym, uzaemaadnos³ny pam³zh bednym³ ³ bagatam³. Mn., 2004.
Bogatye i bednye v sovremennoy Rossii. Analiticheskiy doklad. Moskva, Institut kompleksnykh sotsial'nykh issledovaniy Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. 2003 // URL: http://www.fesmos.ru (data obrashcheniya: 07.05.2004).
Gavrilovs'ka K. Amb³valentn³st' masovo¿ pravovo¿ sv³domost³ //Psikholog³chn³ perspektivi. 2001. 01. 4 // URL: http://politicon.iatp.org.ua/mag/gavrylovska1.htm (data obrashcheniya: 07.05.2004).